Quiz 54: Sonography and High-Risk Pregnancy

The caudal regression syndrome is found most commonly in patients with which one of the following? A) Systemic lupus erythematosus B) Premature rupture of membranes C) Diabetes D) Hypertension

The development of conjoined twins occurs when the division of the egg occurs _____ days after conception. A) 13 B) 3 C) 8 D) 25

Twins that arise from two separately fertilized ova are known as which one of the following? A) Monozygotic B) Monochorionic C) Diamniotic D) Dizygotic

Secondary to pregnancy-induced hypertension, the occurrence of a coma or seizures in the patient during the second and third trimesters represents which one of the following? A) Erythroblastosis fetalis B) Eclampsia C) Hydrops D) Alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Fetal death that occurs after the fetus has reached a certain growth that is too large to resorb into the uterus is which one of the following? A) Spalding sign B) Nonimmune hydrops C) Fetus papyraceous D) Stuck twin

Which one of the following complications of pregnancy is characterized by increasing hypertension, proteinuria, and edema? A) Preeclampsia B) Fetal hydrops C) Thrombocytopenia D) Diabetes

Which one of the following terms describes a group of conditions in which hydrops is present in the fetus but is not a result of fetomaternal blood group incompatibility? A) Immune hydrops B) Toxemia C) Hyperemesis gravidarum D) Nonimmune hydrops (NIH)

Hypertensive pregnancies may be associated with which one of the following abnormalities? A) Macrosomia B) Small placentas C) Large placentas D) Caudal regression syndrome

What sonographic finding(s) confirms the presence of a diamniotic pregnancy? A) Two yolk sacs B) Two fetal poles C) Membrane that separates the fetuses D) Two placentas

Which one of the following is defined as the appearance of overlapping skull bones that indicates fetal death? A) Fetus papyraceous B) Cranial regression syndrome C) Spalding sign D) Lemon sign

Sonographic findings of fetal hydrops in an isoimmunized pregnancy include all of the following except: A) pleural effusion. B) polyhydramnios. C) thinning placenta. D) pericardial effusion.

Hydrops caused by fetal tachycardia most commonly demonstrates a heart rate ranging between ______ and ______ beats per minute (bpm). A) 160; 200 B) 200; 240 C) 210; 250 D) 225; 250

Maternal obesity has been associated with an increased incidence of which one of the following abnormalities? A) Biliary atresia B) Hydrocephalus C) Neural tube defects D) Polycystic kidney disease

Caudal regression syndrome is described as which one of the following? A) Lacks the development of caudal nerves B) Lacks the development of the caudal spine and cord C) Is associated with chromosome abnormalities D) Is observed in systemic lupus erythematosus

Skeletal and central nervous system congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers include all of the following except: A) macrocephaly. B) neural tube defects. C) anencephaly. D) caudal regression syndrome.

Premature labor is defined as the onset of labor before _____ weeks of gestation. A) 37 B) 38 C) 39 D) 40

Which one of the following terms is used for a monochorionic twin pregnancy in which one fetus develops without a heart or upper body? A) Conjoined twins B) Stuck twin C) Acardiac anomaly D) Twin-to-twin transfusion

Which one of the following statements about twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is true? A) The venous blood of one twin is pumped into the arterial system of the other twin. B) The arterial blood of one twin is pumped into the venous system of the other twin. C) This syndrome is a common complication of multiple gestations. D) Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome occurs between the fetal umbilical cords.

Poly-oli sequence is also known as which one of the following? A) Acardiac anomaly B) Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome C) Spalding sign D) Stuck twin syndrome

Stuck twin syndrome is usually observed between _____ and _____ weeks of gestation. A) 12; 14 B) 12; 24 C) 16; 20 D) 16; 26

A diamniotic and dichorionic twin pregnancy demonstrates which one of the following sonographic findings? A) Two gestational sacs and one placenta B) Two gestational sacs and two placentas C) One gestational sac and two placentas D) Two gestational sacs and one embryo

Which one of the following is demonstrated if the division of one fertilized egg occurs 4 to 8 days after fertilization? A) Two chorions and two amnions B) One amnion and two chorions C) One chorion and two amnions D) One amnion and one chorion

In twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, which one of the following statements is true? A) Both twins are at risk of dying. B) An arteriovenous shunting within the placenta is demonstrated. C) The recipient twin may demonstrate polyhydramnios. D) All of the above statements are true.

Predictors of discordance in the growth of twins include all except which one of the following? A) Difference in estimated fetal weight greater than 20% B) Difference in biparietal diameter of 10 mm or greater C) Difference in abdominal circumference of 20 mm or greater D) Difference in femur length of 5 mm or greater

Which one of the following is the most frequent cause of nonimmune hydrops? A) Duodenal atresia B) Congenital nephrotic syndrome C) Umbilical cord anomalies D) Cardiovascular lesions