Question 1

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Accepted Answer

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was a United States federal law that prohibited all immigration of Chinese workers for ten years.

Question 2

The Immigration Restriction League

Accepted Answer

The Immigration Restriction League, founded in the late 19th century, believed that "new" immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe were responsible for urban crime and poverty, and they advocated for restrictions on these groups.

Question 3

In her lecture "Lynch Law in all its Phases," Wells denounced the stance of the government in relation to the lynchings that were taking place in the South. What, according to her, was the government doing wrong?

Accepted Answer

Ida B. Wells, in her lecture "Lynch Law in all its Phases," criticized the government for its inaction and failure to punish those who were responsible for lynching black people, thereby allowing such mobs to act without fear of retribution.

Question 4

Apart from the racial identity of victims, what typically triggered the lynch violence of southern white mobs?

Accepted Answer

The victim's alleged sexual conduct often triggered the lynch violence of southern white mobs, as accusations of inappropriate behavior or relationships, especially involving white women, were used to justify such acts.

Question 5

How did the Civil War come to be remembered by the 1890s?

Accepted Answer

By the 1890s, the Civil War was often remembered as a war of "brother against brother," emphasizing the internal conflict and division within the United States, rather than focusing on racial equality or the liberation of enslaved people.

Question 6

"New immigrants"

Accepted Answer

The term "new immigrants" refers to those who arrived in the United States primarily from the late 19th to early 20th centuries, coming mostly from southern and eastern Europe, in contrast to earlier waves of immigrants who were predominantly from northern and western Europe.

Question 7

The American Federation of Labor's founder, Samuel Gompers, used the idea of "freedom of contract" to

Accepted Answer

Gompers used the concept of "freedom of contract" to support the idea that workers should have the right to organize and form unions without interference from judges or the legal system, emphasizing the importance of collective bargaining and labor rights.

Question 8

In which of the following ways were the boundaries of freedom redrawn in the United States during the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

During the nineteenth century, several states in the United States adopted literacy and residency requirements as a means to restrict immigrant voting. These measures were part of broader efforts to control the electorate and maintain political power within certain segments of the population, often to the detriment of immigrants and other marginalized groups. The other options either did not occur in the nineteenth century or are inaccurately described in relation to the period.

Question 9

In United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the Supreme Court ruled that Asian descendants born on U.S. soil became U.S. citizens at birth. In what regulation did they base this decision?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court based its decision on the Fourteenth Amendment, which grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.

Question 10

In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington

Accepted Answer

In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington encouraged African Americans to accept segregation and disenfranchisement for the time being, focusing instead on elevating themselves through hard work and vocational education to prove their value to society. This approach was seen as a way to reduce tensions and foster economic cooperation between blacks and whites in the South.

Question 11

What did Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute emphasize?

Accepted Answer

Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute emphasized vocational job education, focusing on teaching African Americans practical skills for self-sufficiency and economic advancement.

Question 12

According to Wells, what was the solution to stop lynching?

Accepted Answer

Ida B. Wells, a prominent African American journalist and activist, believed that the solution to stop lynching was to awaken public sentiment to repudiate it. She worked tirelessly to expose the horrors of lynching to the broader public, aiming to ignite a moral outrage that would lead to its end.

Question 13

What was the focus of Yick Wo v. Hopkins?

Accepted Answer

Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) was a landmark Supreme Court case that focused on upholding business opportunities through the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court ruled that laws in San Francisco targeting Chinese laundry businesses were discriminatory and violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This case established an important precedent for the protection of civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendment, regardless of citizenship status.

Question 14

The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor during the 1890s reflected

Accepted Answer

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused on achieving concrete, practical benefits for its members, such as better wages, hours, and working conditions, rather than pursuing broader social or political reforms. This pragmatic approach marked a shift from earlier, more radical labor movements that aimed for sweeping societal changes.

Question 15

On what grounds did Justice David J. Brewer dissent from the majority opinion in the case of Fong Yue Ting (1893), which authorized the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law?

Accepted Answer

Brewer dissented on the basis that the rationale used to expel Chinese aliens without due process could potentially be applied to other groups in the future, undermining the constitutional right to due process for all.

Question 16

What explains the appeal of the Lost Cause mythology for Southern whites in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The Lost Cause mythology helped Southern whites rationalize their defeat in the Civil War while maintaining a sense of honor and superiority, thus preserving white supremacy.

Question 17

The Immigration Restriction League was formed by

Accepted Answer

The Immigration Restriction League was formed by professionals from Boston in 1894, with the aim of reducing immigration to the United States by imposing literacy tests and other restrictions.

Question 18

Which of the following describes an effect of U.S. Chinese exclusion policies of the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following describes an effect...

Question 19

By 1900, in both the North and South:

Accepted Answer

By 1900, the contributions of black soldiers in the Civil War were largely overlooked in historical narratives, reflecting the era's racial biases and the Lost Cause ideology.

Question 20

In the 1890s, 3.5 million immigrants arrived in the United States. Where did most of them come from?

Accepted Answer

In the 1890s, the majority of immigrants to the United States came from Southern and Eastern Europe, including countries like Italy, Russia, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, marking a shift from earlier waves of immigration that were dominated by Northern and Western Europeans.

Quiz 17: Freedoms Boundaries, at Home and Abroad, 1890-1900