Question 1

Almost any type of cell-skin,saliva,semen,blood,etc.-can be used to obtain a DNA fingerprint of an individual.

Accepted Answer

DNA is present in almost all cells of the body, so cells from skin, saliva, semen, blood, and other tissues can be used to obtain a DNA fingerprint unique to an individual.

Question 2

Insulin,a hormone used by millions of individuals with diabetes,was the first genetically engineered protein available in significant quantities by recombinant DNA methods.

Accepted Answer

Insulin was indeed the first genetically engineered protein to be made available in significant quantities through recombinant DNA technology, marking a major advancement in biotechnology and providing a crucial resource for people with diabetes.

Question 3

The restriction enzyme BamHI recognizes the DNA sequence GGATCC and cuts the DNA between the two G's. Given the segment of double-stranded DNA shown below  the sticky ends that result from cleavage with this enzyme are

Accepted Answer

The answer of The restriction enzyme BamHI recognizes the DNA...

Question 4

If 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base adenine (A),then 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base thymine (T).

Accepted Answer

According to Chargaff's rules, DNA is composed of base pairs in which adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). Therefore, if 22% of the nucleotides contain adenine, then 22% must also contain thymine to maintain the base pairing rule.

Question 5

When a mutation causes a protein deficiency or results in a defective protein,and the condition is inherited from one generation to another,a genetic disease results.

Accepted Answer

Genetic diseases occur when mutations in DNA lead to the production of deficient or defective proteins, and these mutations are passed from parents to offspring through their genes.

Question 6

The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment CAGCTA is the same as the dipeptide from the DNA segment CAGCTG.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment...

Question 7

Cidofovir (structure shown)is an antiviral medication for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV)retinitis in patients with AIDS that suppresses CMV replication by selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Cidofovir contains the nucleoside cytidine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cidofovir (structure shown)is an antiviral medication for...

Question 8

A triplet codon is a sequence of three amino acids in a protein that signals for transcription.

Accepted Answer

A triplet codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a single amino acid in a protein, not a signal for transcription.

Question 9

A nucleoside is formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with a nitrogen atom of the base.

Accepted Answer

A nucleoside is formed by linking the anomeric carbon of a sugar (monosaccharide) to a nitrogen atom on the base, typically through a glycosidic bond.

Question 10

The nucleic acid DNA stores the genetic information of a particular organism,while the nucleic acid RNA translates this genetic information into the synthesis of proteins needed by cells for proper function and development.

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the genetic blueprint of an organism, encoding the instructions for the development and functioning of the organism. RNA, particularly messenger RNA (mRNA), reads this information and translates it into proteins, which perform a vast array of functions within the cell.

Question 11

There was a mix-up in the hospital nursery and there is a question as to which baby belongs to a set of new parents. The given gel contains the DNA fingerprint of the new mother (Lane 1),the new father (Lane 2),and two infants (Lanes 3 and 4). The DNA fingerprinting indicated that the infant tested in Lane 4 is the child of these parents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There was a mix-up in the hospital...

Question 12

A virus that contains a core of RNA is called a retrovirus.

Accepted Answer

Retroviruses are a group of viruses that have RNA as their genetic material and use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to transcribe their RNA into DNA after entering a host cell.

Question 13

All mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence coded for by the DNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

Some mutations are silent, meaning they do not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy in the genetic code.

Question 14

If a single strand of a gene contains 726 bases,242 amino acids will make up the polypeptide prepared from it,assuming every base of the gene is transcribed and then translated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a single strand of a gene...

Question 15

The three key elements needed to form recombinant DNA are: a DNA molecule into which a new DNA segment will be inserted; an enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific locations; and an enzyme from a second organism that will be inserted in the original DNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

The three key elements needed to form recombinant DNA are: a DNA molecule into which a new DNA segment will be inserted (vector), an enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific locations (restriction enzyme), and DNA ligase, an enzyme that joins the DNA segments together, not an enzyme from a second organism to be inserted.

Question 16

When inserted into a bacterium,recombinant DNA can be used to prepare large quantities of useful proteins.

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to insert genes encoding specific proteins into bacteria. The bacteria then use these genes to produce the proteins in large quantities, which can be harvested and purified for various applications, such as insulin production for diabetes treatment.

Question 17

The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment CAGCTA is the same as the dipeptide from the DNA segment CAGCTT.

Accepted Answer

The DNA segments CAGCTA and CAGCTT, when transcribed and translated, would produce different dipeptides due to the difference in the last nucleotide. The codons would specify different amino acids because of the change from adenine (A) to thymine (T) in the last position, affecting the second amino acid in the dipeptide.

Question 18

A virus is an infectious agent consisting of a DNA molecule and an RNA molecule that is contained within a protein coating.

Accepted Answer

A virus consists of either a DNA or an RNA molecule, not both, contained within a protein coat.

Question 19

If 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base adenine (A),then 22% of the nucleotides in the same sample of DNA contain the base guanine (G).

Accepted Answer

According to Chargaff's rules, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Therefore, if 22% of the nucleotides contain adenine, 22% would contain thymine, not guanine.

Question 20

A gene is a portion of a DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein.

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the necessary information to produce a specific protein, typically through the processes of transcription and translation.

Quiz 22: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis