Question 1

Consistently avoiding contact with people of different races than one's own would be considered an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Aversive racism refers to a subtle, often unintentional form of prejudice where individuals avoid interactions with people of different races, despite believing they are non-prejudiced.

Question 2

Blaming Blacks for economic inequality and resistance to policies that might alleviate racial oppression is considered .

Accepted Answer

Symbolic or laissez-faire racism involves blaming minorities for their own economic disparities and opposing policies that could help reduce racial inequalities.

Question 3

According to a fairly old psychological theory of prejudice and racism, the tendency to rigidly categorize other people, to rigidly conform, and be intolerant of ambiguity is part of a(n) .

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality theory suggests that individuals with this personality type are more likely to rigidly categorize others, conform strictly to norms, and be intolerant of ambiguity, often leading to prejudiced and racist attitudes.

Question 4

The perspective that argues that minority groups' life chances result from the opportunities formed by the interactions of class, race, and gender is called _.

Accepted Answer

The intersection perspective argues that minority groups' life chances result from the opportunities formed by the interactions of class, race, and gender.

Question 5

In the debate as to whether class or race is more important as the source of inequality, sociologist William Julius Wilson argues that:

Accepted Answer

William Julius Wilson argues that economic changes, such as the decline of manufacturing jobs and the rise of service sector jobs, have a more significant impact on the life chances of individuals than race.

Question 6

The situation for women in society should be studied separately within each social class because differences between men and women are not the same in every racial or class group. This is an argument of the perspective.

Accepted Answer

The argument presented aligns with the intersectional perspective, which emphasizes that social identities such as race, class, and gender intersect to create unique experiences and challenges for individuals.

Question 7

The process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society is called .

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society.

Question 8

Racial profiling is an example of _.

Accepted Answer

Racial profiling is a practice that falls under institutional racism, as it involves systemic policies and practices within institutions that disproportionately target or disadvantage certain racial groups.

Question 9

Sociologists find that racism

Accepted Answer

Racism is defined as the perception and treatment of members of a racial group as inferior, which aligns with choice A. It is not limited to individual behavior (B), involves both actions and attitudes (C), and has not disappeared in the U.S. (D).

Question 10

Which theory argues that race and ethnicity are socially constructed categories?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interaction theory argues that race and ethnicity are socially constructed categories through social interactions and shared meanings.

Question 11

Contact theory argues that interaction between Whites and minorities will reduce prejudice on part of both groups if all of the following conditions are met, except:

Accepted Answer

Contact theory does not require all parties to agree to work to reduce prejudice; it focuses on conditions like equal status, sustained contact, and supportive social norms to naturally reduce prejudice.

Question 12

According to the text, there are different forms of racism. Overt, obvious racism, such as physical violence or the use of racial slurs is termed .

Accepted Answer

Old-fashioned racism refers to explicit and blatant forms of racism, such as physical violence or the use of racial slurs.

Question 13

Holding the belief that one does not notice racial differences, and that discussing race only perpetuates racism, would be considered .

Accepted Answer

Color-blind racism is the belief that ignoring or overlooking racial differences promotes racial harmony, but it can perpetuate racial inequalities by denying the existence of systemic racism.

Question 14

The assimilation perspective argues that in order to be full members of society members of minority groups must adopt as many aspects of the dominant culture as possible. This perspective pertains to which type of sociological theory?

Accepted Answer

The assimilation perspective aligns with functionalist theory, which emphasizes social stability and cohesion, suggesting that minority groups should adopt the dominant culture to maintain societal harmony.

Question 15

If an administrator engages in institutional racism he or she is able to apply which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism involves the use of power to enforce discriminatory practices and policies within institutions.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best example of institutional racism?

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism refers to policies or practices within and across institutions that, intentionally or not, produce outcomes that chronically favor or disadvantage certain racial groups. Option A describes a policy that targets a specific racial group, which is an example of institutional racism.

Question 17

Contact theory argues that under certain conditions interactions between Whites and members of minority groups will reduce prejudice within both groups. This theory is a type of theory.

Accepted Answer

Contact theory is a type of symbolic interaction theory because it focuses on the interactions between individuals and how these interactions can influence attitudes and reduce prejudice.

Question 18

is the psychological theory that argues that members of the dominant group vent their frustrations and aggressions toward minority groups instead of the real source of their frustration.

Accepted Answer

Scapegoat theory suggests that individuals or groups who are frustrated and unable to address the real source of their frustration may displace their aggression onto a more vulnerable group, often a minority.

Question 19

The view that race intersects with class to shape one's experience in the social structure is a perspective related to _____.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory emphasizes how power differentials and social inequalities, such as those based on race and class, shape individuals' experiences and social structures.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an element of laissez-faire racism?

Accepted Answer

The other options are all elements of laissez-faire racism, but an inability to understand non-racist viewpoints is not necessarily an element of this type of racism.

Quiz 10: Race and Ethnicity