Question 1

As compared to conformity,compliance occurs

Accepted Answer

Compliance occurs in response to a direct request.

Question 2

At a campaign meeting,the majority of the staff argues that they should use negative ads to attack their opponent.Despite their strong feelings on this matter,Stefan argues successfully for positive ads.According to the dual- process approach,Stefan's influence has probably resulted in

Accepted Answer

Stefan's successful argument for positive ads suggests that he was able to persuade the campaign staff through a more rational and reflective process of decision-making, rather than relying on the majority's emotional and impulsive preference for negative ads. This is consistent with the dual-process approach's idea of systematic processing leading to attitude change and behavior. Therefore, Stefan is likely to have achieved conversion, which means changing people's attitudes and beliefs to align with his own.

Question 3

If American children raised in ways consistent with mainstream American culture and Chinese children raised in ways that were consistent with traditional Chinese culture were placed in the same classroom,which statement would probably be true?

Accepted Answer

American culture tends to emphasize individualism, leading to less conformity, while traditional Chinese culture emphasizes collectivism, leading to more conformity.

Question 4

Research has found that when people are presented with a request accompanied by a reason that does not offer a real justification for the request,they often respond

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people often comply mindlessly when a request is accompanied by a reason, even if the reason does not provide a real justification. This is due to the automatic nature of processing requests that include a reason, as demonstrated in studies like the "copy machine" experiment by Langer et al.

Question 5

According to the dual-process approach,majorities exert influence by producing______________,whereas minorities exert influence by producing______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the dual-process approach,majorities exert influence...

Question 6

The idea that minority influence works in the same way that majority influence is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

The single-process approach suggests that both minority and majority influence operate through similar mechanisms, unlike the dual-process approach which posits different processes for each.

Question 7

Psychologists tend to refer to a culture that values the virtues of interdependence and social harmony as

Accepted Answer

Psychologists often use the term "collectivist" to describe cultures that place high value on social harmony, cooperation, and interdependence among group members. This is in contrast to more individualistic cultures that prioritize independence, autonomy, and personal achievement. The other options do not accurately capture these cultural values.

Question 8

The residents in Burberry Hill have convened to discuss whether to build a neighborhood pool.The majority are in favor of building a pool.However,Miguel,a long-time resident,expresses his opposition.Which of the following is unlikely?

Accepted Answer

Miguel expressing a dissenting opinion in a group that initially favors building a pool is more likely to result in private conformity, where individuals may privately agree with Miguel's points even if the group's public consensus doesn't immediately reflect this. Public conformity might occur when individuals outwardly agree with the group despite personal disagreements, but in this context, Miguel's opposition could lead to genuine private agreement from some residents who reconsider their positions based on his arguments.

Question 9

According to Hollander's (1958)work on idiosyncrasy credits,which individual would be most effective in convincing a majority to change their opinion?

Accepted Answer

Hollander's concept of idiosyncrasy credits suggests that individuals who have been in a group for a long time and usually conform to the group's norms accumulate "credits" that allow them to deviate from the norm occasionally without losing their influence.

Question 10

Which explanation for why a consistent behavioral style increases minority influence is least plausible?

Accepted Answer

A consistent minority is less likely to exert normative social influence because normative influence typically involves conforming to the expectations of the majority to gain social approval, which is not the case with a minority position.

Question 11

The "minority slowness effect" refers to the finding that

Accepted Answer

The "minority slowness effect" is observed when individuals holding minority opinions exhibit slower response times in discussions or when answering questions about the topic, compared to those with majority opinions. This is attributed to the additional cognitive processing required to maintain and defend a less popular stance.

Question 12

A cultural orientation in which independence,autonomy,and self-reliance take priority over group allegiances is called

Accepted Answer

Individualism prioritizes the self and emphasizes personal achievement and independence over group or collective goals. This cultural orientation is often found in Western societies, such as the United States, where there is a strong emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.

Question 13

Some researchers are planning to go around the world and put participants in a version of the Asch study in which they are asked to make judgments about the lengths of lines.Cross-cultural research suggests that the least amount of conformity should be observed in cultures

Accepted Answer

Cultures characterized by financial independence and prosperity often promote individualism, which tends to result in lower conformity rates. This is because individuals in such societies are more likely to feel free to express their own opinions, even when they diverge from the group consensus.

Question 14

Research on majority and minority influence suggests all of the following except that

Accepted Answer

Majorities are generally more influential on questions of fact due to their normative influence, which pressures individuals to conform to the group norm to avoid social disapproval. However, on subjective questions, where personal opinions or tastes are involved, the influence of majorities and minorities can vary and is not as straightforward as the statement suggests. Minorities can exert a significant influence through informational influence, especially when they present consistent, confident, and unwavering viewpoints, leading individuals to reconsider and possibly change their private views.

Question 15

Interpersonal credits a person earns by following group norms are called______________credits.

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncrasy credits are the interpersonal credits a person earns by conforming to group norms, allowing them some leeway to deviate from those norms later.

Question 16

According to the dual-process approach to understanding minority influence,

Accepted Answer

The dual-process approach suggests that majority and minority influences operate through different mechanisms, with majority influence often leading to compliance and minority influence leading to deeper cognitive processing and internalization.

Question 17

Individualistic cultures tend to exhibit all of the following except greater

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures typically value personal freedom and self-expression, which often leads to less conformity compared to collectivist cultures.

Question 18

Hiroko is usually very agreeable and goes along with his friends' plans.Tonight,however,he tells his friends that____________________________even though they all want to go out for Mexican food,he has a strong preference for Italian food.Even though he is the only person who initially votes for Italian,Hiroko's friends eventually come to agree with him because he usually does go along with the group.This best epitomizes which of the following phenomena associated with minority influence?

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncrasy credits refer to the social credits a person earns by conforming to group norms over time, allowing them to deviate occasionally without facing backlash. Hiroko's usual agreeableness earns him these credits, enabling him to influence the group's decision this time.

Question 19

According to work by Triantis (1995),collectivist cultures are characterized by a pattern of

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures are often characterized by low complexity, low affluence, and cultural homogeneity, as they tend to emphasize group cohesion and shared values over individual diversity and wealth.

Question 20

Individuals from collectivistic cultures are more likely than those from individualistic cultures to

Accepted Answer

Individuals from collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony and are more likely to conform to public norms to maintain social cohesion.

Quiz 7: Conformity