Question 1

Enlarged,palpable kidneys can be caused by which of the following? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Enlarged,palpable kidneys can be caused by hydronephrosis,neoplasms,or polycystic kidney disease.Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the renal parenchyma and collecting system (including the renal pelvis).The kidneys are not enlarged or palpable with this disorder.Splenomegaly can be due to cirrhosis and congestive heart disease.

Question 2

The most commonly used abdominal examination approach is the ____________________ technique.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most commonly used abdominal examination approach...

Question 3

The spleen,gallbladder,stomach,liver,bile duct,small intestine,and large intestine are considered the ____________________ organs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The spleen,gallbladder,stomach,liver,bile duct,small intestine,and large intestine are...

Question 4

A nursing instructor quizzes the students on the anatomical structures located in the abdomen.One question was to identify the structures in the right lower quadrants of the abdomen.Which responses by the students would indicate that further study is needed? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The instructor would recognize that further study is needed if the students responded spleen,duodenum,stomach and/or sigmoid colon.The duodenum is located in the right upper quadrant.The spleen and stomach are located in the left upper quadrant and the sigmoid colon is located in the left lower quadrant.The cecum,appendix,right ureter,right ovary (female),right spermatic cord (male),and the lower pole of the right kidney are all located in the lower right quadrant.

Question 5

Which of the following is cause for concern when palpating the inguinal lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

The presence of inguinal lymph nodes greater than 1 cm in diameter or elicitation of nonmovable,tender lymph nodes is abnormal.These findings are indicative of a localized or systemic infection,which may lead to cancer or lymphomas.It is normal to palpate small,movable nodes less than 1 cm in diameter.Palpable nodes are nontender.

Question 6

The examination of a patient reveals a positive Rovsing's sign,which is abdominal pain felt in the right lower quadrant as you pressed deeply and evenly for 5 seconds

Accepted Answer

Rovsing's sign is a differential technique to elicit referred pain,reflective of peritoneal inflammation secondary to appendicitis.Rovsing's sign may be elicited by palpation of the LLQ,causing pain to be felt in the RLQ.This sign is based on the concept that changes in intraluminal pressure will be transmitted through the intestine when the ileocecal valve is competent.Pressing on the LLQ traps air within the large intestine and increases the pressure in the cecum.If the appendix is inflamed,this increase in pressure causes pain.

Question 7

Costovertebral angle tenderness can occur in ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Costovertebral angle tenderness can occur in ____________________....

Question 8

A 62-year-old white male whose chief complaint is abdominal discomfort,is admitted to your unit.The patient is jaundiced and has an enlarged abdomen.To further evaluate for ascites,you ask the patient to kneel and assume the knee-chest position for several minutes.You then percuss his abdomen.Which of the following confirms the presence of ascites in the patient's abdomen?

Accepted Answer

Ascites is present in the abdomen if the umbilical area percusses dull.The ascitic fluid pools in the dependent area of the umbilicus because of gravity.

Question 9

____________________ bowel sounds indicate decreased motility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ bowel sounds indicate decreased motility....

Question 10

Which of the following are risk factors for the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Risk factors for HAV includ: overcrowded living conditions,men who have sex with men,food and water contamination.Perinatal transmission and having multiple sexual partners are risk factors for HBV.

Question 11

Risk factors for esophageal cancer include which of the following? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Risk factors for esophageal cancer include obesity,alcohol use,tobacco use,male (not female)gender,and certain diets; however,diets high in vegetables and fruits tend to reduce the risk.Other risk factors include cancer of the lung,mouth,or throat: Barrett's esophagus; esophageal sphincter disorder; and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Question 12

A 62-year-old white male whose chief complaint is abdominal discomfort is admitted to your unit.The patient is jaundiced and has an enlarged abdomen.Upon percussing the patient's abdomen,you determine that ascites is present on the basis of which finding?

Accepted Answer

Ascites is present if there is a marked change from tympany to dullness as you percuss outward and downward and as the patient turns from side to side.Ascitic fluid sinks with gravity,which accounts for the dullness in dependent areas.Ascites is an excess accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity and is found in patients with cirrhosis or other liver diseases.The presence of air in the abdomen produces a higher-pitched,hollow sound called tympany.The presence of fluid or masses produces a short,high-pitched sound with little resonance called dullness.Tympany is the predominant percussion sound of the abdomen.Hyperresonance is present with gaseous distention.

Question 13

A female patient reports an increase of involuntary loss of urine with sneezing and coughing.Her past medical history reveals uterine cancer,an abdominal hysterectomy,and radiation therapy.What type of incontinence is she most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

This patient is most likely experiencing stress incontinence which is the involuntary loss of urine with activities that increase abdominal pressure (e.g.,sneezing,coughing,laughing,heavy lifting,physical activity).This type of incontinence can be caused by childbirth,pregnancy,previous abdominal surgery,prostate surgery,or radiation therapy.Urge incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine caused by detrusor hyperactivity.It is usually associated with a strong desire to void with a larger volume of urine.Overflow incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine caused by an overextended bladder.Incontinence occurs when bladder pressure exceeds urethral pressure.Usually a small amount of urine occurs during dribbling.There may be some hesitancy and frequency.Functional incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine resulting from the inability to reach the toilet because of physical,cognitive,or environmental impairments.

Question 14

You are assigned to a 45-year-old Caucasian female client who was admitted for possible bladder cancer.The patient's history revealed that she is married with three children,aged 2,5,and 9.She has worked as a hair dresser in order to supplement the family income for the past 8 years.The patient denies tobacco or alcohol use,but states that there is a family history of alcoholism,drug dependence,bladder cancer,heart disease,and diabetes.Which of the following pieces of data regarding the patient,places her at risk for bladder cancer? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The patient's ethnicity,type of occupation,and family history of bladder cancer,places her at risk for developing bladder cancer.Other risk factors for bladder cancer include age >65,male gender,bladder birth defects,pelvic radiation therapy,and use of cyclophosphamide.

Question 15

The nurse teaches the female patient who has frequent UTIs that she should

Accepted Answer

It is important to teach a female patient with frequent UTIs to empty her bladder before and after sexual intercourse.Sexual intercourse promotes "milking" of bacteria from the vagina and perineum and may cause minor urethral trauma that predisposes women to UTIs.Harsh soaps,bubble baths,powders,and sprays in the perineal area predispose a woman to develop a UTI.Prophylactic antibiotics such as sulfonamides are sometimes administered to patients who experience repeated UTIs on a short-term basis; however,this strategy is limited because the patient can develop resistance to the antibiotic.To prevent UTIs,it is important to drink an adequate amount of liquid each day and to urinate regularly,every 2 to 4 hours during the day.

Quiz 18: Abdomen