Question 1

Inclusion strategies in autistic spectrum disorder teach self-help strategies,social and living skills,and self-management that are designed to help the individual function more effectively in society.A support scheme known as supported employment involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Supported employment encompasses all the mentioned aspects: training and support for employers, job preparation and interview skills for the employee, and ongoing support for the employee as needed. This holistic approach is designed to facilitate successful employment outcomes for individuals with autism.

Question 2

In autistic spectrum disorder,to supplement basic conditioning principles,therapists will also use a range of methods to try and promote the required behaviours in the first place,and these may include:

Accepted Answer

Modelling is a technique used in therapy where desired behaviors are demonstrated to the individual, which they can then imitate. This is often used alongside conditioning to promote desired behaviors in individuals with autism.

Question 3

Phonological disorder may often be associated with physical causes.Which of the following is not considered to be one of these?

Accepted Answer

Small frontal lobes are not typically considered a direct physical cause of phonological disorders. Phonological disorders are more commonly associated with conditions that directly affect speech production mechanisms, such as hearing impairments, structural anomalies like cleft palate, or neurological conditions like cerebral palsy.

Question 4

Which of the following may cause extreme distress to an autistic child?

Accepted Answer

Autistic children often have a strong preference for routine and predictability. Changes in their environment or daily schedule, such as taking a different route to school, rearranging furniture, or even minor changes like toys being placed asymmetrically, can cause them extreme distress. This is because they may rely on these routines and arrangements to feel safe and to understand the world around them.

Question 5

More recently,risperidone has been used in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorder is known as risperidone.This is a type of what kind of medication?

Accepted Answer

Risperidone is classified as an antipsychotic medication. It is often used to treat symptoms of irritability in individuals with autistic spectrum disorder, as well as treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Question 6

General features of Language Disorder include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Language disorders can manifest through a limited amount of speech, challenges in learning new words, and difficulties in finding the right words, making all of the options correct.

Question 7

In individuals with multiple cognitive disabilities,extraordinary proficiency in one isolated skill is known as:

Accepted Answer

Savant syndrome is characterized by exceptional abilities in a specific area, such as music, art, calculation, or memory, often in individuals who otherwise have significant cognitive disabilities.

Question 8

One of the most marked and sustained features of autistic spectrum disorder is:

Accepted Answer

Impairment in reciprocal social interaction is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder, characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts.

Question 9

In the treatment of autistic spectrum disorder,the drug naltrexone has also been found to be beneficial in the control of hyperactivity and self-injurious behaviour.What kind of drug is this?

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist, which means it blocks the effects of opioid drugs. It has been found to have benefits in reducing hyperactivity and self-injurious behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, though its use is off-label for these symptoms.

Question 10

Studies suggest that a single gene is not responsible for the expression of autism,and as many as ______ different genes may be involved (Santangelo & Tsatsanis,2005).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies suggest that a single gene is...

Question 11

Prevalence rates for Speech Sound Disorder are estimated to be around ________ in 6-7 year olds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prevalence rates for Speech Sound Disorder are...

Question 12

Numerous twin studies have confirmed a genetic component to autistic spectrum disorder.In studies comparing concordance rates in MZ and DZ twins,Folstein & Rutter (1977)found concordance in 4 out of 11 MZ twins but none in DZ twins.Subsequent twin studies have found concordance rates of between what percentages for MZ twins?

Accepted Answer

Concordance rates for MZ twins have been found to be between 60-91% in subsequent twin studies.

Question 13

In autistic spectrum disorder there are a number of ways to test whether a child has developed a 'theory of mind'.One traditional method is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The Sally-Ann False Belief Task is a classic test used to assess theory of mind in children, which is the ability to understand that others can have beliefs, desires, and perspectives that are different from one's own. This task specifically evaluates the understanding that others can hold false beliefs.

Question 14

What percentage of pre-school children are diagnosed with a phonological disorder of unknown origin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of pre-school children are diagnosed...

Question 15

In autistic spectrum disorder,which of the following has been shown to improve child communication behaviour,increased maternal knowledge of autism,enhanced maternal communication style and parent child interaction,and reduced maternal depression?

Accepted Answer

Parent-implemented early intervention has been shown to improve child communication behavior, increase maternal knowledge of autism, enhance maternal communication style and parent-child interaction, and reduce maternal depression. These interventions involve training parents to use specific techniques and strategies to interact with their child, which can lead to positive outcomes for both the child and the parents.

Question 16

Autistic spectrum disorder often involves stereotyped body movements.These can include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Stereotyped body movements are a common symptom of autistic spectrum disorder and can include swaying, clapping, and finger snapping.

Question 17

Individuals with autistic spectrum disorder appear to exhibit poor problem solving ability,difficulty planning actions,controlling impulses and attention,and inhibiting inappropriate behaviour,and these deficits are thought to be caused by deficits in:

Accepted Answer

These deficits are thought to be caused by deficits in executive functioning, which includes the ability to plan, organize, strategize, pay attention to and remember details, and manage time and space.

Question 18

In autistic spectrum disorder,according to Tramonta & Stimbert (1970)some individuals refer to themselves as "he","she" or "you",and this is known as:

Accepted Answer

Pronoun reversal is a common language feature in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, where they might refer to themselves by using third-person pronouns instead of first-person pronouns.

Question 19

A number of drugs are used in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorder,mainly to help control problem behaviours.Antipsychotic medications such as _______ are the type of drug most commonly used in the treatment of autism.

Accepted Answer

Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication that is most commonly used in the treatment of autism to help control problem behaviors. Other options listed are used for different conditions or symptoms.

Question 20

When individuals with autistic spectrum disorder fail to comprehend normal mental states,and so are unable to understand or predict the intentions of others,this is known as a lack of:

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind refers to the ability to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder often struggle with this aspect, making it difficult for them to predict or understand the intentions and behaviors of others.

Quiz 17: Neurodevelopmental Disorders