Question 1

Proximodistal pattern of growth refers to the sequence in which
A) growth and development occurs in a way that the parts that are being used more frequently grow faster than the parts being used less frequently.
B) the earliest growth always occurs at the top-the head-with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom.
C) growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.
D) growth and development occurs in a way that certain parts are more developed and highly specialized compared to other parts of the body.

Accepted Answer

Proximodistal pattern of growth refers to the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. So, option C is the correct choice. Option A represents the principle of "cephalocaudal" pattern of growth. Option B represents the principle of "distalproximal" pattern of growth. Option D is incorrect because it refers to the principle of differentiation, which is not related to the proximodistal pattern of growth.

Question 2

The ________ lobes of the cerebral cortex function in vision.
A) parietal
B) frontal
C) occipital
D) temporal

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobes are responsible for processing visual information.

Question 3

During pregnancy, the size of the head is half the size of the total body length when the fetus is ________ old.
A) two months
B) six months
C) eight months
D) nine months

Accepted Answer

At two months of gestation, the size of the fetus's head is about half the size of its total body length, reflecting the early and rapid development of the brain.

Question 4

The newborn's brain is about 25 percent of its adult weight by birth; by the second birthday, the brain is about ________ percent of its adult weight.
A) 75
B) 25
C) 30
D) 50

Accepted Answer

By the second birthday, a child's brain is about 75 percent of its adult weight, reflecting rapid growth and development during the early years of life.

Question 5

A(n) ________ is a nerve cell that handles information processing.
A) tendon
B) neuron
C) axon
D) collagen

Accepted Answer

A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits information in the form of electrical impulses from one part of the body to another. It is the basic building block of the nervous system and is responsible for information processing, sensory perception, and motor coordination. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones, collagen is a protein that forms the structural framework for many different tissues in the body, and axons are long, slender projections of a neuron that carry information away from the cell body.

Question 6

The tissue that covers the forebrain like a wrinkled cap and includes two halves or hemispheres is called the
A) myelin sheath.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) cerebellum.
D) cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

The description provided refers to the cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain that covers the forebrain and is marked by its ridges and grooves or wrinkles. It is divided into two halves or hemispheres that are connected by a band of fibers called the corpus callosum. The cerebral cortex is responsible for many of the brain's higher functions, such as consciousness, perception, thought, memory, and language.

Question 7

The parietal lobes play an important role in
A) hearing, language processing, and memory.
B) vision.
C) voluntary movement, thinking, personality, emotion, memory, sustained attention, and intentionality or purpose.
D) registering spatial location, maintaining attention, and administering motor control.

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobes are responsible for registering spatial location, maintaining attention, and administering motor control. They are not primarily responsible for hearing, language processing, or vision (which are functions of other lobes), and while they do play a role in memory and attention, these are not their primary functions.

Question 8

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex has an active role in hearing, language processing, and memory?
A) frontal lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) parietal lobe

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobe is responsible for auditory processing, language comprehension, and memory formation. It contains the primary auditory cortex and the Wernicke's area, which are involved in processing sound and language, respectively.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the proximodistal pattern of growth?
A) Abbey learning to sit first before learning to stand or crawl
B) Alex learning to move his eyes before learning his first words
C) Colin learning to stare at moving objects before trying to touch them with his hands
D) Polly learning to grab objects with her whole hands before learning to pick them up with her fingers

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal pattern of growth refers to the way in which development proceeds from the center of the body outward. Polly learning to grab objects with her whole hands before learning to pick them up with her fingers is an example of this pattern, as control of the arms and hands develops from the shoulder outward to the hands and fingers.

Question 10

Which of the following areas of the brain is farthest from the spinal cord and includes the cerebral cortex?
A) hindbrain
B) midbrain
C) forebrain
D) hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The forebrain is located farthest from the spinal cord and includes the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for higher-level thinking and processing. The hindbrain and midbrain are located closer to the spinal cord and are responsible for more basic functions such as movement, balance, and sensory processing. The hypothalamus is a specific area within the forebrain that helps regulate basic bodily functions.

Question 11

Natalie had random hand movements when she was 2 months old. When she was 6 months old, she would grab a block with her whole hand. Now at the age of 10 months, she can grasp the same block with her thumb and forefinger. This sequence of growth in her hand and finger movements is occurring according to the ________ pattern.
A) lateralization
B) proximodistal
C) endarch
D) cephalocaudal

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal pattern refers to a developmental pattern in which growth and development starts from the center of the body and progresses towards the extremities. In this case, Natalie first had random hand movements (center of the body), then progressed to grabbing objects with her whole hand (closer to the extremities), and now can grasp objects with her thumb and forefinger (at the very end of the extremities), indicating a proximodistal pattern of development.

Question 12

The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top-the head-with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom is known as the ________ pattern.
A) proximodistal
B) encephalic
C) cephalocaudal
D) lateralization

Accepted Answer

The cephalocaudal pattern describes the sequence in which development occurs from top to bottom, with growth and differentiation beginning at the head and gradually progressing downwards.

Question 13

In a newborn, the size of the head is approximately ________ the proportion of the total body length.
A) half
B) one-third
C) one-fourth
D) three-fourths

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a newborn, the size of the...

Question 14

Which of the following is a syndrome that affects a large number of babies in the United States, causes severe brain damage, and includes symptoms such as brain swelling and hemorrhaging?
A) Tay-Sachs syndrome
B) shaken baby syndrome
C) Shy Drager syndrome
D) Down syndrome

Accepted Answer

Shaken baby syndrome is a type of abusive head trauma that occurs when a baby is violently shaken, causing their brain to impact against the skull. This can result in brain swelling, hemorrhaging, and other severe brain injuries. It is a leading cause of death and disability in infants in the United States. Tay-Sachs syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that can cause developmental delays and intellectual disability, and Shy Drager syndrome is a rare degenerative disorder that affects the nervous system. None of these conditions are known to cause the severe brain damage and symptoms associated with shaken baby syndrome.

Question 15

Scarlett learned to stare at mobile objects before trying to move her limbs to reach for the objects. This growth pattern in Scarlett is occurring according to which of the following principles?
A) lateralization
B) cephalocaudal
C) endarch
D) proximodistal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scarlett learned to stare at mobile objects...

Question 16

Magnetoencephalography, or MEG, has been used to study brain development in infants. Researchers have used this technology to study
A) perceptual processes in infants.
B) maternal nutrition habits.
C) paternal influences on the home environment.
D) the effect of having a doula present during delivery.

Accepted Answer

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) has been used to study brain development in infants particularly in relation to their perceptual processes, such as how they process visual or auditory stimuli. It measures the magnetic fields created by the electrical activity of neurons and offers a non-invasive way to study brain function in infants. Maternal nutrition habits, paternal influences, and the presence of a doula during delivery are not directly related to MEG studies of brain development in infants.

Question 17

The sensory and motor developments in infants generally proceed according to the ________ principle.
A) lateralization
B) proximodistal
C) endarch
D) cephalocaudal

Accepted Answer

The cephalocaudal principle states that development proceeds from the head (cephalo) to the tail (caudal), meaning that infants develop control over their head and neck before their limbs, and their torso before their extremities. This principle can be observed in the typical order of motor milestones such as lifting the head, rolling over, sitting, crawling and then walking. It also applies to sensory development, as infants tend to develop more sensitivity and control of their facial features before their limbs and digits.

Question 18

Which of the following brain imaging techniques has been successfully used by researchers to learn about the brain's development in infancy?
A) computed axial tomography
B) positron emission tomography
C) magnetic resonance imaging
D) electroencephalogram

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following brain imaging techniques...

Question 19

The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other is called
A) lateralization.
B) dominance.
C) ambidexterity.
D) asymmetry.

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the specialization of functions in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other. Dominate hemisphere refers to which hemisphere a person relies on more for certain cognitive functions. Ambidexterity refers to the ability to use both hands with equal skill. Asymmetry refers to the differences in structure or function between the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 20

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to study
A) the levels of blood sugar in newborn infants.
B) hormonal fluctuations in new mothers.
C) the brain's electrical activity.
D) paternal responses to postpartum depression.

Accepted Answer

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. It is used to diagnose various neurological disorders and to study brain function and activity. The other options do not relate to the use of EEG.

Quiz 5: Physical Development in Infancy

Proximodistal pattern of growth refers to the sequence in which

The ________ lobes of the cerebral cortex function in vision.

During pregnancy, the size of the head is half the size of the total body length when the fetus is ________ old.

The newborn's brain is about 25 percent of its adult weight by birth; by the second birthday, the brain is about ________ percent of its adult weight.

A(n) ________ is a nerve cell that handles information processing.

The tissue that covers the forebrain like a wrinkled cap and includes two halves or hemispheres is called the

The parietal lobes play an important role in

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex has an active role in hearing, language processing, and memory?

Which of the following is an example of the proximodistal pattern of growth?

Which of the following areas of the brain is farthest from the spinal cord and includes the cerebral cortex?

The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top-the head-with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom is known as the ________ pattern.

In a newborn, the size of the head is approximately ________ the proportion of the total body length.

Which of the following is a syndrome that affects a large number of babies in the United States, causes severe brain damage, and includes symptoms such as brain swelling and hemorrhaging?

Scarlett learned to stare at mobile objects before trying to move her limbs to reach for the objects. This growth pattern in Scarlett is occurring according to which of the following principles?

Magnetoencephalography, or MEG, has been used to study brain development in infants. Researchers have used this technology to study

The sensory and motor developments in infants generally proceed according to the ________ principle.

Which of the following brain imaging techniques has been successfully used by researchers to learn about the brain's development in infancy?

The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other is called

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to study