Question 1

____________ is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics,culture,and preferences.
A) Feminist therapy
B) Evidence-based practice
C) Behavior practice
D) Systemic therapy

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available research with clinical expertise and considering the patient's characteristics, culture, and preferences to make decisions about their care.

Question 2

Contemporary theories of counseling:
A) are grounded on assumptions that are a part of Eastern culture.
B) emphasize the uniqueness of the individual,self-assertion,and ego strength.
C) focus on interdependence and losing self in the totality of the cosmos.
D) emphasizes the social and cultural facts of human existence.

Accepted Answer

Contemporary theories of counseling often emphasize the uniqueness of the individual, self-assertion, and ego strength, which are concepts more aligned with Western cultural values.

Question 3

Maria,a Mexican American woman,will live with her parents until she marries.A culturally competent and sensitive counselor will understand that:
A) Maria's parents are enmeshed in her life.
B) Maria is afraid to live alone.
C) Maria must move out of her parents' home if she wants to truly be a healthy individual.
D) this may be a result of gender-role expectations in Maria's family and not enmeshment.

Accepted Answer

This choice recognizes the cultural context of Maria's situation, understanding that living with parents until marriage can be a norm in many cultures, including some Mexican American families, due to gender-role expectations. It does not pathologize the behavior but rather sees it through a cultural lens.

Question 4

Evidence-based practice is often associated with:
A) cognitive-behavioral approaches because they are the most extensively researched psychotherapies.
B) psychodynamic therapy because it falls under the category of evidence-based practice.
C) therapeutic interventions that are not considered "evidence-based practices" and are unethical.
D) clinical practice that should not be based on the best available research.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral approaches are the most extensively researched psychotherapies, making them a primary example of evidence-based practice. This means they are supported by empirical research demonstrating their effectiveness.

Question 5

____________ uses assessment to understand the client's pattern of thinking and to identify self-defeating beliefs.
A) Feminist therapy
B) Cognitive-behavioral approaches
C) Behavior therapy
D) Systemic therapies

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral approaches focus on understanding the client's pattern of thinking and identifying self-defeating beliefs to help in modifying behavior and emotional responses.

Question 6

Not possessing the competence to use the DSM-5 appropriately raises an ethical issue.Practitioners who use the DSM diagnosis must be trained.This training requires learning more than diagnostic categories; it involves:
A) understanding V- and D-codes.
B) knowing how to make a diagnosis fit criteria accepted by an insurance company.
C) knowing how to work within some kind of diagnostic and assessment framework but not needing a clear picture of the client's problem.
D) knowing personality theory,psychopathology,and seeing how they relate to therapeutic practice.

Accepted Answer

Practitioners need to understand personality theory and psychopathology to relate them to therapeutic practice, ensuring accurate and ethical use of the DSM-5.

Question 7

Empirical research _________the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes.
A) downplays
B) exaggerates
C) consistently supports
D) inconsistently supports

Accepted Answer

Empirical research consistently supports the idea that the therapeutic relationship is a primary factor contributing to the outcomes of psychotherapy, highlighting its importance in the process.

Question 8

Practitioners must have a clear understanding of ______________ and have a sense of the expected outcomes of their interventions.
A) the creativity behind the techniques they employ
B) the client's family members
C) the techniques they use
D) the client's entire life story

Accepted Answer

Understanding the techniques they use is crucial for practitioners to ensure the effectiveness and appropriateness of their interventions.

Question 9

Practitioners who argue AGAINST diagnosis:
A) claim that DSM labels stigmatize people.
B) are likely to be psychoanalytically oriented therapists.
C) often work in community mental health centers.
D) are likely to work for a managed care system.

Accepted Answer

The argument against diagnosis often centers on the concern that DSM labels can stigmatize individuals, leading to negative consequences in how they are perceived and treated by others, including within the healthcare system.

Question 10

__________ is the best predictor of treatment outcome.
A) The client's motivation
B) Severity of the client's symptoms
C) Cost
D) The relationship between therapist and client

Accepted Answer

The relationship between therapist and client, often referred to as the therapeutic alliance, is widely recognized as a strong predictor of treatment outcome across various types of therapy. This relationship encompasses the level of trust, respect, and mutual understanding between the therapist and client, which facilitates the client's willingness to engage in the therapeutic process and implement therapeutic strategies.

Question 11

A theoretical orientation is best described as:
A) a rigid framework that provides specific steps of how to conduct a counseling session.
B) a set of general guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs to change.
C) a conceptualization of the intrapsychic structures that dictate a client's behavior.
D) a set of techniques that can be used to promote behavioral changes.

Accepted Answer

A theoretical orientation provides a counselor with a broad framework or set of guidelines to understand their clients' issues and to guide their approach to therapy. It is not necessarily a rigid step-by-step process, but rather a way to conceptualize and address problems.

Question 12

According to professional ethical principles on testing,it would be unethical for a counselor to:
A) perform testing and assessment services for which they have not been adequately trained.
B) develop,administer,score,interpret,or use assessment procedures that are appropriate for the situation.
C) test within the client's socialized behavioral or cognitive patterns.
D) consider the validity of a given test and interpret data in the context of the cultural characteristics of the client.

Accepted Answer

It is unethical for a counselor to perform testing and assessment services without adequate training because doing so can lead to inaccurate assessments, misinterpretation of results, and potential harm to the client. Competence in the specific assessment tools and methods is a fundamental ethical requirement in counseling and psychology.

Question 13

When considering administrating or interpreting testing,in order to increase the likelihood you are practicing in a culturally sensitive manner,it is important to pay attention to all of the following points EXCEPT:
A) be familiar with any test you use,preferably taking it yourself first.
B) know the standards pertaining to testing in your professions' codes of ethics.
C) select,with your client's help,appropriate tests while keeping in mind cultural issues with testing.
D) give clients the test scores only,suggesting they look online for results.

Accepted Answer

Giving clients the test scores only and suggesting they look online for results is not a culturally sensitive practice. It disregards the importance of providing a professional interpretation of the results, which is crucial for understanding the context and implications of the scores. The other options (A, B, C) are important considerations for culturally sensitive testing practices.

Question 14

Feminist therapists have challenged the DSM system and proposed alternatives for making meaningful assessments.Therapists who question the usefulness of traditional diagnosis make all of the following observations,EXCEPT?
A) Because the emphasis is on pathology,deficits,limitations,problems,and symptoms,individuals are not encouraged to find and utilize their strengths,assets,competencies,and abilities.
B) Diagnosis is typically done by an expert observing a person's behavior and experience from an external viewpoint,without reference to what they mean to the client.
C) Diagnostic categories can minimize the uniqueness of the client.
D) It is based on a systemic approach that views the source of distress as being within the entire system rather than on the individual.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because the DSM system and traditional diagnosis methods are generally not based on a systemic approach that views the source of distress as being within the entire system. Instead, they focus on the individual's symptoms and pathology.

Question 15

Practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale is somewhat like:
A) driving a car with a GPS device.
B) trying to sail a boat without a rudder.
C) flying a plane without a co-pilot.
D) taking a train ride.

Accepted Answer

Practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale lacks direction and guidance, similar to trying to sail a boat without a rudder, which is essential for steering and navigating.

Question 16

____________ is based on Western American assumptions (such as individualism and universalism),which limits its usefulness among different cultural groups.
A) The DSM
B) V-codes
C) Confidentiality
D) Informed consent

Accepted Answer

The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is based on Western American assumptions, such as individualism and universalism, which can limit its applicability and usefulness among different cultural groups. This is because it may not fully account for cultural variations in the expression and understanding of mental health conditions.

Question 17

____________ is a general term covering the process of identifying an emotional or behavioral problem and making a statement about the current status of a client.
A) Medical diagnosis
B) Differential diagnosis
C) Psychodiagnosis
D) Cognitive appraisal

Accepted Answer

Psychodiagnosis is the term that specifically refers to the process of identifying emotional or behavioral problems and making a statement about the current status of a client. It involves assessing psychological features and patterns to understand a person's mental health condition.

Question 18

The purpose in using a technique is to:
A) facilitate movement.
B) impress clients with your creativity and skill.
C) help clients rationalize their feelings.
D) trigger strong emotions.

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose of using a technique in therapeutic or physical contexts is to facilitate movement, whether that be physical, emotional, or psychological, aiding in the client's progress or healing.

Question 19

It is an ethical,and sometimes legal,obligation of therapists to be mindful that a medical evaluation is many times indicated.Which of the following is NOT a reason to refer for a medical evaluation?
A) Dementia
B) Schizophrenia
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Marital discord

Accepted Answer

Marital discord is not typically a condition that necessitates a medical evaluation. It is more related to interpersonal issues and is usually addressed through counseling or therapy, unlike dementia, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, which may require medical evaluation for diagnosis and treatment.

Question 20

When a counselor works in a managed care system,client's goals need to be:
A) long-term and all encompassing.
B) aimed at character reconstruction.
C) geared toward the client gaining insight into his or her problems and movement toward self-actualization.
D) highly specific,limited to reduction of problematic symptoms,and often aimed at teaching coping skills.

Accepted Answer

Managed care systems prioritize brief, solution-focused therapy. Goals are specific, aimed at reducing symptoms and often involve teaching coping skills to address immediate concerns rather than long-term character reconstruction or insight-oriented therapy.

Quiz 10: Issues in Theory and Practice

____________ is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics,culture,and preferences.

Contemporary theories of counseling:

Maria,a Mexican American woman,will live with her parents until she marries.A culturally competent and sensitive counselor will understand that:

Evidence-based practice is often associated with:

____________ uses assessment to understand the client's pattern of thinking and to identify self-defeating beliefs.

Not possessing the competence to use the DSM-5 appropriately raises an ethical issue.Practitioners who use the DSM diagnosis must be trained.This training requires learning more than diagnostic categories; it involves:

Empirical research _________the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes.

Practitioners must have a clear understanding of ______________ and have a sense of the expected outcomes of their interventions.

Practitioners who argue AGAINST diagnosis:

__________ is the best predictor of treatment outcome.

A theoretical orientation is best described as:

According to professional ethical principles on testing,it would be unethical for a counselor to:

When considering administrating or interpreting testing,in order to increase the likelihood you are practicing in a culturally sensitive manner,it is important to pay attention to all of the following points EXCEPT:

Feminist therapists have challenged the DSM system and proposed alternatives for making meaningful assessments.Therapists who question the usefulness of traditional diagnosis make all of the following observations,EXCEPT?

Practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale is somewhat like:

____________ is based on Western American assumptions (such as individualism and universalism) ,which limits its usefulness among different cultural groups.

____________ is a general term covering the process of identifying an emotional or behavioral problem and making a statement about the current status of a client.

The purpose in using a technique is to:

It is an ethical,and sometimes legal,obligation of therapists to be mindful that a medical evaluation is many times indicated.Which of the following is NOT a reason to refer for a medical evaluation?

When a counselor works in a managed care system,client's goals need to be: