Question 1

"That's all right.You are doing your best.Don't worry.I'm here for you." A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition.
A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) rational emotive

Accepted Answer

The therapist who would say, "That's all right. You are doing your best. Don't worry. I'm here for you" is most likely following the humanistic tradition, which emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and a nonjudgmental attitude towards the client. This approach emphasizes the individual's capacity for personal growth and self-directed change.

Question 2

Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were:
A) instincts,the ego,and the self.
B) biological forces,culture,and learning.
C) consciousness,unconsciousness,and instincts.
D) instinctual needs,rational thinking,and moral standards.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of personality posits that it is shaped by three central forces: instinctual needs (id), rational thinking (ego), and moral standards (superego). These elements interact to influence an individual's behavior and personality development.

Question 3

In the 1960s and 1970s,social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies.The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories:
A) focused primarily on unconscious thoughts,instincts,and conflict.
B) focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life.
C) identified an external source as the cause of abnormal behavior.
D) discounted the concept of "abnormal" and focused on acceptance.

Accepted Answer

Social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society during the 1960s and 1970s led to a desire for a more positive message and the search for meaning in life. Humanistic and existential therapies focus on personal growth and self-awareness, and help individuals find meaning and purpose in life.

Question 4

A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness.The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty.MOST likely,this therapist is a _____ therapist.
A) behavior-focused
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on empathy, genuineness, self-examination, acceptance, and honesty all suggest a humanistic approach to therapy. Behavior-focused therapy is more focused on changing specific behaviors, cognitive-behavioral therapy is more focused on changing negative thought patterns, and psychodynamic therapy focuses on how unconscious emotions and experiences impact behavior. Therefore, D is the best choice for this scenario.

Question 5

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people:
A) without any religious belief are the healthiest.
B) who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest.
C) who believe in a higher being are the healthiest.
D) who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that people who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest both mentally and physically. This may be because religious beliefs provide a sense of meaning and purpose in life, and can serve as a coping mechanism during stressful situations. However, it is important to note that this relationship may not apply to all individuals and may depend on the specific religious beliefs and practices of the individual.

Question 6

The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT:
A) social labels and roles.
B) family structure and communication.
C) social networks.
D) past traumatic experiences.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on the social and cultural factors that contribute to the development of abnormal behavior, such as social labels and roles, family structure and communication, and social networks. However, it does not typically focus on past traumatic experiences as a primary factor in abnormality.

Question 7

Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of:
A) hormones.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) neurons.
D) genes.

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which then travel to target organs or tissues to regulate various bodily functions. Abnormal chemical activity in the endocrine system can lead to overproduction or underproduction of hormones, resulting in a variety of health issues.

Question 8

The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that:
A) religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life.
B) psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion.
C) people who have a religious community to support them are healthier.
D) people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.

Accepted Answer

The proper conclusion is that people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier, based on the research studies showing a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health. The other options may potentially contribute to psychological health, but do not necessarily account for the specific relationship found in the studies regarding religious devotion and perception of God.

Question 9

A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will,in fact,become a hard worker is MOST likely a _____ theorist.
A) existential
B) humanistic
C) sociocultural
D) behavior-focused

Accepted Answer

This theorist would fall under the behavior-focused approach, which emphasizes how external factors, such as reinforcement or punishment, shape behavior. Therefore, if someone is labeled as a hard worker and receives positive reinforcement for it, they are more likely to continue and increase this behavior.

Question 10

The outer layer of the brain is the:
A) cortex.
B) corpus callosum.
C) basal ganglia.
D) amygdala.

Accepted Answer

The outer layer of the brain is called the cortex. It is responsible for many of the brain's functions, including sensory perception, voluntary movement, and conscious thought. The corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and amygdala are all structures within the brain, but they are not part of the outer layer (cortex).

Question 11

Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister.As such,he continues to steal her toys.This is an example of:
A) shaping.
B) modeling.
C) operant conditioning.
D) classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Mason's behavior of taking toys is being reinforced by the attention he receives from his parents, which is a key concept in operant conditioning.

Question 12

The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning,according to:
A) cognition-focused therapists.
B) behavior-focused therapists.
C) psychoanalysts.
D) humanists.

Accepted Answer

The self-actualization motive is a key concept in humanistic psychology, which emphasizes individual growth and potential. Therefore, the best choice is D, humanists. The other options (cognition-focused therapists, behavior-focused therapists, and psychoanalysts) focus on different aspects of therapy and do not necessarily emphasize self-actualization as a central motive.

Question 13

Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes?
A) Psychodynamic
B) Cognitive
C) Humanistic-existential
D) Behavioral

Accepted Answer

Free association is a technique used in psychodynamic therapy, which emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in behavior and the importance of exploring and resolving unconscious conflicts.

Question 14

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory,the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the:
A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) ego ideal.

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle, representing internalized societal and parental standards of conduct.

Question 15

Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy?
A) Married couples
B) Any two individuals who live together
C) Individuals who are in a long-term relationship
D) Individuals in a romantic relationship who live together

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group BEST reflects those who may...

Question 16

A general term used for Freud's,Adler's,and Jung's theories is:
A) psychiatric.
B) biological.
C) psychodynamic.
D) psychophysical.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theory refers to the general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories. The focus of psychodynamic theory is on the unconscious mind and how it influences behavior and experiences.

Question 17

A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated,depressed,and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as:
A) humanistic.
B) existential.
C) psychodynamic.
D) cognitive.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's belief in people hiding from their responsibilities and feeling alienated, depressed, and inauthentic aligns with the principles of existential therapy, which emphasizes personal responsibility, freedom, and authenticity. This approach encourages individuals to confront the realities of life and to take responsibility for their choices, actions, and emotions.

Question 18

A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences,and that no symptom or behavior is accidental.Because of this,the psychologist explores a client's childhood to explain the adult client's current dysfunctional behavior.This is an example of what kind of psychodynamic theory?
A) Pleasure principle
B) Determinist
C) Ego defense mechanism
D) Object relations

Accepted Answer

The psychologist's belief that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences and that no behavior is accidental aligns with the determinist perspective, which suggests that behavior is determined by past experiences and unconscious processes.

Question 19

The paradigm,or model,adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model.
A) sociocultural
B) biological
C) cognitive
D) demonological

Accepted Answer

The demonological model, which attributed abnormal behavior to possession by demons or other supernatural forces, was the dominant paradigm during medieval times.

Question 20

Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate?
A) Only about 10 percent of those who receive couple therapy eventually divorce.
B) Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning.
C) There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates.
D) There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy.

Accepted Answer

Couple therapy can involve various theoretical approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and systemic. It is not limited to a specific theoretical orientation. Option A is incorrect because the success rate of couple therapy varies depending on the specific therapy used and the severity of the couple's issues. Option B is incorrect because research suggests that a majority of couples who receive therapy report improvements in their relationship. Option C is incorrect because the need for couple therapy is not solely determined by divorce rates, but rather by the presence of relationship issues that require intervention.

Quiz 2: Models of Abnormality

"That's all right.You are doing your best.Don't worry.I'm here for you." A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition.

Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were:

In the 1960s and 1970s,social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies.The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories:

A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness.The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty.MOST likely,this therapist is a _____ therapist.

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people:

The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT:

Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of:

The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that:

A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will,in fact,become a hard worker is MOST likely a _____ theorist.

The outer layer of the brain is the:

Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister.As such,he continues to steal her toys.This is an example of:

The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning,according to:

Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes?

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory,the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the:

Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy?

A general term used for Freud's,Adler's,and Jung's theories is:

A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated,depressed,and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as:

The paradigm,or model,adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model.

Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate?