Question 1

In speciation which of the following is mismatched?
A)allopatric speciation-geographic isolation
B)sympatric speciation-absence of a geographic barrier
C)adaptive radiation-chance for new species to adapt to new habitats
D)postzygotic isolation-hybrid offspring sterility
E)None of the answers are mismatched.

Accepted Answer

All the given options correctly describe the concepts related to speciation.

Question 2

A cross between a male horse and a female donkey produces a mule.Mules are an example of
A)zygote mortality.
B)hybrid infertility.
C)temporal isolation.
D)gametic isolation.

Accepted Answer

Mules are an example of hybrid infertility because they are typically sterile and cannot reproduce.

Question 3

Members of the ancestral salamander species live in northern California.As they migrate southward,populations are separated by the Central Valley.With limited contact between populations on the east and west of the valley,genetic differences accumulate.What type of speciation occurs under these conditions? 
A)sympatric speciation
B)allopatric speciation
C)Both sympatric and allopatric speciation.
D)Neither sympatric or allopatric.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Members of the ancestral salamander species live...

Question 4

In ________,proteins on the surface of the sperm are not able to bind to proteins on the surface of the egg.
A)temporal isolation
B)behavioral isolation
C)mechanical isolation
D)gametic isolation

Accepted Answer

Gametic isolation occurs when proteins on the surface of the sperm cannot bind to proteins on the surface of the egg, preventing fertilization.

Question 5

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)and roof rats (Rattus rattus)are different species.Occasionally,mating occurs if the two species are kept together in captivity.The resulting pregnancies are not successful and the embryos die.This is an example of A)mechanical isolation. B)hybrid sterility. C)hybrid inviability. D)lack of F₂ fitness.

Accepted Answer

Hybrid inviability occurs when two different species mate, but the resulting embryos do not develop properly and die before birth, as is the case with Norway rats and roof rats.

Question 6

Reinforcement would eventually
A)reduce the formation of hybrids.
B)favor and therefore increase the formation of hybrids.
C)have no effect on hybrid formation.
D)increase the fitness of hybrids.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is a process in evolutionary biology where natural selection increases reproductive isolation between populations. This reduces the formation of hybrids by favoring traits that prevent interbreeding between different species or populations.

Question 7

An insect population lives along the edge of a north-south mountain range.The populations from the east and west slope eventually join in a low northern pass and interbreed,producing fertile offspring,but they do not circle around the southern edge because of a desert barrier.When glaciers move southward,the populations are pushed south of the northern pass and are isolated.While isolated,the two populations develop enough differences over time that when the glaciers retreat north and the insects again share the same pass,they no longer mate at the same time,nor can they produce fertile offspring.These insects
A)began as one species and therefore remain one species.
B)were originally two species and remain two species.
C)were originally two species but are now one species.
D)were originally one species but are now two species.
E)The number of species cannot be determined from the information given.

Accepted Answer

The insect population began as one species and were pushed south of the northern pass, which resulted in them being isolated. Over time, they developed enough differences that they are now two separate species and cannot produce fertile offspring. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 8

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when
A)hybrids are more fit than members of the parent species.
B)hybrids are less fit than members of the parent species.
C)there are no differences between the fitness of the parent species and hybrids.
D)None of the answer choices are true.

Accepted Answer

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when hybrids are less fit than members of the parent species because natural selection will favor the parent species, reducing the likelihood of hybridization and promoting the development of mechanisms that prevent interbreeding.

Question 9

What type of speciation requires a geographic barrier?
A)sympatric speciation
B)allopatric speciation
C)Both sympatric and allopatric speciation require a geographic barrier.
D)Neither sympatric or allopatric speciation require a geographic barrier.

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation requires a geographic barrier because it occurs when two populations of the same species are separated by a physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a river. This separation prevents the two populations from interbreeding, and over time, they may evolve into separate species.

Question 10

Study the chart of the mating seasons of these five species of frogs.What factor keeps the frogs reproductively isolated? What other factors may be involved?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Study the chart of the mating seasons...

Question 11

When a diploid plant produces diploid gametes due to nondisjunction during meiosis,what occurs?
A)Autoploidy is occurring.
B)An increase in the number of chromosomes above the parent species occurs.
C)A triploid or tetraploid plant may occur.
D)All of the answer choices are true.

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to the production of diploid gametes, resulting in autoploidy, an increase in chromosome number, and potentially forming triploid or tetraploid plants.

Question 12

Descriptions of new species of insects are more likely to contain diagrams of the shape of the male genitalia than head,wing,or leg parts.Why?
A)This is where mutations usually express themselves in animals.
B)Radiation damage to genes usually occurs in genitalia.
C)Small changes in the genitalia cause reproductive isolation while a single species can tolerate wider variation in head,wing,and leg morphology.
D)Arthropods have hard exoskeletons so head,wing,and leg structures can't vary as much.
E)This is the convention or custom of entomology.

Accepted Answer

Small changes in the genitalia can lead to reproductive isolation, which is crucial for defining new species, while other body parts can have more variation without affecting species classification.

Question 13

Sympatric speciation in plants,as a result of ________,is well documented.
A)any type of geographic barrier
B)a series of islands off of a mainland
C)polyploidy
D)mountain ranges

Accepted Answer

Sympatric speciation in plants is often due to polyploidy, where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, leading to reproductive isolation without geographic barriers.

Question 14

Plant species A has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes,while Plant species B has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes.Species A and B produce a hybrid through alloploidy.The diploid number of chromosomes of the hybrid is
A)28.
B)14.
C)42.
D)21.

Accepted Answer

In alloploidy, the hybrid receives a complete set of chromosomes from each parent species. Therefore, the hybrid will have 28 chromosomes from species A and 14 chromosomes from species B, totaling 42 chromosomes.

Question 15

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?
A)Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features,but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males.
B)Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms.
C)One brood of the seventeen-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years)and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years); the larvae of both feed side-by-side on tree roots.
D)A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo but the offspring is infertile.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Each scenario describes a form of reproductive isolation, whether it be behavioral, geographical, temporal, or hybrid infertility.

Question 16

Male fireflies are recognized by females of their species by their flash pattern,while male crickets are recognized by females of their species by their chirping.These are examples of
A)behavioral isolation.
B)habitat isolation.
C)temporal isolation.
D)mechanical isolation.

Accepted Answer

These are examples of behavioral isolation, where different species have unique behaviors or signals that prevent them from interbreeding.

Question 17

Once members of a species are geographically isolated,what factors may cause them to differ from each other over time?
A)natural selection
B)genetic drift
C)new mutations
D)sexual selection
E)All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of the factors listed (natural selection, genetic drift, new mutations, and sexual selection) can contribute to differences in geographically isolated populations over time.

Question 18

The process in which natural selection favors the continual development of prezygotic isolating mechanisms is called
A)disruptive selection.
B)sympatric speciation.
C)mutation.
D)reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is the process where natural selection strengthens prezygotic isolating mechanisms to prevent hybridization between species, thereby reducing the production of unfit hybrids.

Question 19

Female Anolis distinguish males of their species by the color of their dewlap,a colorful flap of skin in the neck region.This is an example of
A)a postzygotic isolating mechanism.
B)a prezygotic isolating mechanism.
C)temporal isolation.
D)hybrid inviability.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a prezygotic isolating mechanism because it involves a trait (dewlap color) that helps females identify and select males of their own species before mating occurs, thus preventing interbreeding with other species.

Question 20

The Greek root words meaning "together" and "fatherland" are the basis for the term
A)prezygotic.
B)adaptive radiation.
C)speciation.
D)allopatric.
E)sympatric.

Accepted Answer

The term "sympatric" is derived from the Greek roots "syn" meaning "together" and "patris" meaning "fatherland."

Quiz 17: Speciation and Macroevolution

In speciation which of the following is mismatched?

A cross between a male horse and a female donkey produces a mule.Mules are an example of

In ________,proteins on the surface of the sperm are not able to bind to proteins on the surface of the egg.

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and roof rats (Rattus rattus) are different species.Occasionally,mating occurs if the two species are kept together in captivity.The resulting pregnancies are not successful and the embryos die.This is an example of

Reinforcement would eventually

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when

What type of speciation requires a geographic barrier?

Study the chart of the mating seasons of these five species of frogs.What factor keeps the frogs reproductively isolated? What other factors may be involved?

When a diploid plant produces diploid gametes due to nondisjunction during meiosis,what occurs?

Descriptions of new species of insects are more likely to contain diagrams of the shape of the male genitalia than head,wing,or leg parts.Why?

Sympatric speciation in plants,as a result of ________,is well documented.

Plant species A has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes,while Plant species B has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes.Species A and B produce a hybrid through alloploidy.The diploid number of chromosomes of the hybrid is

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Male fireflies are recognized by females of their species by their flash pattern,while male crickets are recognized by females of their species by their chirping.These are examples of

Once members of a species are geographically isolated,what factors may cause them to differ from each other over time?

The process in which natural selection favors the continual development of prezygotic isolating mechanisms is called

Female Anolis distinguish males of their species by the color of their dewlap,a colorful flap of skin in the neck region.This is an example of

The Greek root words meaning "together" and "fatherland" are the basis for the term