Question 1

Adolescents may be capable of constructing ideals-ideal self,ideal society,and ideal family system.This ability likely contributes to which of the following?
A)Self-critical attitudes
B)Greater decentering
C)Increased capacity to forgive
D)Greater acceptance of what is real

Accepted Answer

Adolescents' ability to construct ideals can lead to self-critical attitudes as they compare themselves and their realities to these ideals, often finding discrepancies.

Question 2

Characteristics that distinguish formal operational thought from lower levels of thinking include the following EXCEPT:
A)Ability to coordinate multiple relationships
B)Cognitive processing that can be difficult even for adults
C)Ability to understand concrete elements of algebra
D)Ability to focus on abstractions

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand concrete elements of algebra is not a characteristic that distinguishes formal operational thought from lower levels of thinking. The other three options - ability to coordinate multiple relationships, cognitive processing that can be difficult even for adults, and ability to focus on abstractions - are all characteristics of formal operational thought.

Question 3

How does early maturation tend to affect boys?
A)More socially awkward than younger-maturing boys
B)Moodier than early-maturing girls
C)Some of the same disadvantages as girls
D)Disadvantaged in socially approved activities such as athletics

Accepted Answer

Early-maturing boys may experience some of the same disadvantages as girls, such as feeling out of place with peers and experiencing greater pressure to conform to gender stereotypes. They may also struggle with body image issues and be at increased risk for substance use and delinquent behavior. However, they are not typically more socially awkward or moodier than boys who mature later. While they may face challenges in athletics if they are smaller or less coordinated than their peers, they are not necessarily disadvantaged in socially approved activities overall.

Question 4

Current evidence lends strongest support to which of the following influences on sexual orientation?
A)Environmental conditions after birth
B)Modeling of sexual orientation by adults
C)Freud's view of parenting patterns
D)Genetic influence and prenatal hormones

Accepted Answer

The current evidence suggests that genetic influence and prenatal hormones play a significant role in determining an individual's sexual orientation. Several twin studies have shown that identical twins are more likely to have a matching sexual orientation than fraternal twins, suggesting a genetic influence. Furthermore, research has linked differences in prenatal hormone exposure to variations in sexual orientation. Environmental conditions after birth and modeling of sexual orientation by adults have been found to have limited influence on an individual's sexual orientation. Freud's view of parenting patterns has been widely debunked in modern psychology.

Question 5

Studies of racial or ethnic identity development by Rogers and Meltzoff (2017)suggest that as children enter adolescence,their view of race/ethnicity as an aspect of self-definition is typically which of the following?
A)Racial/ethnic identity is the most important feature of self-identification
B)Racial/ethnic identity is not as important as other features
C)Racial/ethnic identity is dominated by a sense of cultural oppression
D)Racial/ethnic identity has been explored and accepted

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of racial or ethnic identity development...

Question 6

Different regions of the brain develop at different rates during adolescence.Which area matures faster than the others?
A)Neural circuitry
B)Planning and control function
C)Prefrontal cortex
D)Limbic system

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which is involved in emotion and reward processing, matures faster than the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for planning and control functions. This developmental mismatch can contribute to the heightened emotional intensity and risk-taking behaviors often observed during adolescence.

Question 7

During the adolescent growth spurt,internal and external changes occur differently for boys and girls (sexual dimorphism).What aspect of the growth spurt typically applies to girls more than boys?
A)Size of heart and lungs increases more in one gender
B)On average,one gender gains about 42 pounds
C)Begins 2 years earlier in one gender
D)Broader shoulders and thicker bones in one gender

Accepted Answer

The growth spurt typically begins 2 years earlier in girls than it does in boys. This is due to the fact that girls generally enter puberty earlier than boys. Choices A, B, and D do not demonstrate a gender difference in the growth spurt.

Question 8

Hormones promote maturation of primary and secondary sexual characteristics.Which of the following is a primary sexual characteristic?
A)Growth spurt in males and females
B)Ovaries in females
C)Deeper voice in males
D)Enlarged breasts in females

Accepted Answer

Primary sexual characteristics are those organs and structures directly involved in reproduction. Ovaries in females are the primary organs responsible for producing eggs and female hormones. Growth spurt, deeper voice, and enlarged breasts are all secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 9

Research into the personal and cognitive characteristics of each identity status provides additional insights.Which identity status group seems to lack trust in their ability to choose a meaningful path in life,may not feel they need to choose a path,and seems to lack optimism about their future?
A)Achievement
B)Diffusion
C)Moratorium
D)Foreclosure

Accepted Answer

Individuals in the diffusion identity status lack trust in their ability to choose a meaningful path in life, may not feel they need to choose a path, and often lack optimism about their future. They have not committed to any particular identity options and are not actively exploring or considering different options.

Question 10

According to statistics,high school adolescents from what race/ethnicity and what gender report the highest rate of intercourse?
A)Black females
B)Black males
C)Hispanic males
D)White females

Accepted Answer

According to statistics, black males report the highest rate of intercourse among high school adolescents.

Question 11

In a recent survey questioning high school students across the U.S.about the type of sexual contact in which they engaged,what percentage reported having no sexual contact?
A)Under 30%
B)Over 50%
C)About 35%
D)About 45%

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a recent survey questioning high school...

Question 12

Studies show gender differences in both depressed mood and clinical depression during adolescence.What is the gender difference in rates of major depression for 12- to 19-year-olds?
A)Rates slightly higher for males
B)Rates around twice as high for females
C)Rates slightly higher for females
D)Rates as much as triple for females

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies show gender differences in both depressed...

Question 13

When parents engage in racial/ethnic socialization practices,some of the practices that help children develop a strong ethnic identity also lead to positive increases in identity,self-esteem,academic achievement,and less antisocial behavior.Based on some studies,which of the following practices is most likely to deliver mixed results (rather than the positive increases)?
A)Participating in activities that reflect a shared heritage
B)Preparing children for egalitarian relationships with different groups
C)Teaching cultural values and participating in cultural activities
D)Preparing children for experiences of discrimination

Accepted Answer

While preparing children for experiences of discrimination can be important in helping them cope with and respond to discrimination when it happens, this practice may also have negative effects on their mental health and wellbeing. Studies have found that emphasizing experiences of discrimination can increase stress and anxiety among young people, and may also lead to feelings of helplessness or hopelessness. Therefore, this practice is more likely to deliver mixed results than other socialization practices that focus on building positive ethnic identity and promoting cultural pride.

Question 14

Pubertal processes begin when certain changes occur in the endocrine system.Which of the following explains the beginning of this process?
A)Sexual development comes under the control of the thyroid.
B)The pituitary stimulates other glands to release hormones into the bloodstream.
C)The adrenal gland influences the growth of secondary sex characteristics.
D)The hypothalamus controls the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, plays a central role in pubertal development by stimulating other glands, such as the gonads (ovaries or testes) and adrenal glands, to release hormones into the bloodstream. The release of these hormones leads to the development of secondary sex characteristics and other changes during puberty.

Question 15

Based on studies of children in the U.S. ,menarche and spermarche occur earlier today than in children even 20 years ago.Which one of the following groups of children reaches these maturation milestones earliest?
A)African American
B)Caucasian
C)Hispanic American
D)Asian American

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that African American children tend to reach menarche and spermarche earlier than children from other racial and ethnic groups in the U.S.

Question 16

Which identity status is characterized by making commitments without exploration of alternatives and perhaps adopting a choice dictated by culture or family?
A)Identity achievement
B)Moratorium
C)Foreclosure
D)Diffusion

Accepted Answer

Foreclosure is characterized by making commitments without exploration of alternatives and perhaps adopting a choice dictated by culture or family. This means that an individual has accepted the identity and values presented to them without any personal exploration or questioning.

Question 17

What chemical or chemicals are responsible for sending a signal that triggers the beginnings of puberty?
A)Adrenalin
B)Cytokines
C)Kisspeptin
D)Androgens

Accepted Answer

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays a key role in triggering the onset of puberty. It stimulates the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn triggers the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, leading to the maturation of the ovarian follicles in females and the development of Leydig cells in males. While androgens (such as testosterone) play a role in physical changes during puberty, they are not responsible for triggering its onset. Adrenalin and cytokines are not directly involved in the initiation of puberty.

Question 18

When adolescents are found guilty of criminal activity,sentencing may involve weighing the individual's culpability and mitigating guilt.Researchers Steinberg and Scott argue that developmentally adolescents are less culpable on the basis of which of the following?
A)Fully formed characteristic behavior
B)Fully formed identity
C)Less vulnerability to compelling circumstances
D)Diminished capacity in reasoning

Accepted Answer

Steinberg and Scott argue that adolescents have not fully developed their capacity for reasoning and decision-making, and therefore are less culpable for their actions. This is because the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for these functions, is not fully developed until early adulthood. Therefore, option D, diminished capacity in reasoning, is the best choice.

Question 19

Metacognitive skills advance during adolescence.Which of the following illustrates a negative side of improved metacognitive skill?
A)Less introspection
B)Focus on others
C)Imaginary audience
D)More objectivity in evaluating beliefs

Accepted Answer

The negative side of improved metacognitive skill that is illustrated in the options is the imaginary audience. This phenomenon involves the tendency of adolescents to believe that they are the center of attention and are being constantly watched and evaluated by others. This leads to self-consciousness and anxiety, which can be harmful to their well-being. Therefore, a focus on others (B) and more objectivity in evaluating beliefs (D) are generally positive outcomes of improved metacognitive skills, while less introspection (A) is not necessarily negative, but may indicate a lack of self-awareness.

Question 20

In dealing with stressors during adolescence,which of the following is the most likely effect of the rumination coping style?
A)Direct attention externally
B)Decrease emotional reactivity
C)Increase intensity of depressed mood
D)Distract from focus on the problem

Accepted Answer

The rumination coping style involves dwelling on negative thoughts and emotions, which can increase the intensity of depressed mood. A, B, and D are not associated with the rumination coping style.

Quiz 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Development in Adolescence

Adolescents may be capable of constructing ideals-ideal self,ideal society,and ideal family system.This ability likely contributes to which of the following?

Characteristics that distinguish formal operational thought from lower levels of thinking include the following EXCEPT:

How does early maturation tend to affect boys?

Current evidence lends strongest support to which of the following influences on sexual orientation?

Studies of racial or ethnic identity development by Rogers and Meltzoff (2017) suggest that as children enter adolescence,their view of race/ethnicity as an aspect of self-definition is typically which of the following?

Different regions of the brain develop at different rates during adolescence.Which area matures faster than the others?

During the adolescent growth spurt,internal and external changes occur differently for boys and girls (sexual dimorphism) .What aspect of the growth spurt typically applies to girls more than boys?

Hormones promote maturation of primary and secondary sexual characteristics.Which of the following is a primary sexual characteristic?

Research into the personal and cognitive characteristics of each identity status provides additional insights.Which identity status group seems to lack trust in their ability to choose a meaningful path in life,may not feel they need to choose a path,and seems to lack optimism about their future?

According to statistics,high school adolescents from what race/ethnicity and what gender report the highest rate of intercourse?

In a recent survey questioning high school students across the U.S.about the type of sexual contact in which they engaged,what percentage reported having no sexual contact?

Studies show gender differences in both depressed mood and clinical depression during adolescence.What is the gender difference in rates of major depression for 12- to 19-year-olds?

Pubertal processes begin when certain changes occur in the endocrine system.Which of the following explains the beginning of this process?

Based on studies of children in the U.S. ,menarche and spermarche occur earlier today than in children even 20 years ago.Which one of the following groups of children reaches these maturation milestones earliest?

Which identity status is characterized by making commitments without exploration of alternatives and perhaps adopting a choice dictated by culture or family?

What chemical or chemicals are responsible for sending a signal that triggers the beginnings of puberty?

When adolescents are found guilty of criminal activity,sentencing may involve weighing the individual's culpability and mitigating guilt.Researchers Steinberg and Scott argue that developmentally adolescents are less culpable on the basis of which of the following?

Metacognitive skills advance during adolescence.Which of the following illustrates a negative side of improved metacognitive skill?

In dealing with stressors during adolescence,which of the following is the most likely effect of the rumination coping style?