The contingency perspective refutes universal principles of management by stating that a variety of factors, both internal and external to the firm, may affect an organization's performance. Thus, according to this management approach,
A) there is no "one best way" to manage and organize because circumstances vary.
B) a Gantt chart is not an appropriate tool for planning.
C) planning cannot be one of the four functions of management.
D) external factors, internal strengths and weaknesses, and skills of managers and workers should not be considered in planning, organizing, leading, or controlling.
E) bureaucratic rules and controls are of major importance.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The contingency perspective refutes the idea that there is only one best way to manage and suggests that different situations may require different management approaches. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because a Gantt chart can be a useful tool in project management regardless of the management perspective. Option C is incorrect as planning is one of the four functions of management, which is a universal principle. Option D is also incorrect because external and internal factors, along with the skills of managers and workers, are crucial to consider in management. Option E is not necessarily true or important in the contingency perspective, which places more emphasis on flexibility and adaptation to unique circumstances.

The Contingency Perspective Refutes Universal Principles of Management by Stating