Question 1

Which information should the nurse include in the teaching about bacteria with a client? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The nurse should include information that is relevant to identifying and understanding bacteria. These include: C) E. coli are gram-negative bacteria, which is important in choosing appropriate antibiotics for treatment; D) Gram staining is one way to identify bacteria, which is a common method used in labs to identify specific bacterial species; and E) Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci, which helps in recognizing various bacterial shapes and forms. A) Bacteria can be either aerobic (require oxygen) or anaerobic (do not require oxygen), but this information may not be as relevant to a client's understanding of bacteria. B) Bacteria are actually unicellular organisms, not multicellular, so this information is incorrect.

Question 2

Which priority nursing actions should the nurse take prior to administering penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA) to a client? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

It is important to inquire about any history of allergies to penicillin before administering penicillin G benzathine. The nurse should also inform the client that they will need to be observed for 30 minutes after the injection due to the risk of an allergic reaction. The other options are not necessary prior to administering this medication.

Question 3

A client prescribed amoxicillin (Amoxil) for 10 days to treat strep throat tells the nurse that they are going to stop the prescription when they feel better. Which initial response should the nurse provide the client?

Accepted Answer

Stopping the prescription early could result in not effectively killing the bacteria, allowing it to grow back and cause a relapse of the infection. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

Question 4

The nurse plans to teach the client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) about bacterial infections. Which information should the nurse include in this teaching? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The nurse should include information that is accurate and pertinent to the client's understanding of bacterial infections. Choices A, D, and E are correct. A is accurate as virulence is defined as the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism. D is accurate as pathogenicity refers to the ability of the bacteria to cause disease. E is accurate as most bacteria do not cause harm and some are even beneficial. Choices B and C are incorrect. B is inaccurate as not all bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance. C is also incorrect as pathogens are not only divided into two classes, but also can include fungi, parasites, and prions.

Question 5

A client tells the nurse they do not understand why their prescribed antibiotic did not kill the bacteria that caused their infection. Which response should the nurse provide the client?

Accepted Answer

Some antibiotics work by boosting the body's immune system to help fight off the infection. It is important for the nurse to educate the client about how antibiotics work and how they may be prescribed based on the type of infection and the presence of other medical conditions. It is also important to stress the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics to ensure that the infection is fully treated.

Question 6

Which treatment plan should the nurse anticipate for the client with a sore throat, with white patches on the tonsils and swollen cervical lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

A throat culture is necessary to determine the specific cause of the sore throat, such as streptococcal infection, before prescribing antibiotics.

Question 7

Which describes the action of bactericidal drugs?

Accepted Answer

Bactericidal drugs kill the bacteria, rather than just slowing its growth or disrupting its normal cell function. They have high potency and are used to treat more serious infections.

Question 8

Which priority question should the nurse ask the female client that has been prescribed penicillin G?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin G can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, so it is important to ask if the client is taking them to discuss alternative contraceptive methods.

Question 9

Which laboratory test should the nurse anticipate prescribed to help identify the correct antibiotic to be used for the treatment of a client with a fever of 104°F?

Accepted Answer

Blood for culture and sensitivity test is the most appropriate laboratory test to identify the correct antibiotic for the treatment of a client with a fever. It helps to identify the specific microorganism causing the infection and the sensitivity of the microorganism to various antibiotics. Liver function tests, complete blood count, and urinalysis may also be ordered but are not as relevant in identifying the correct antibiotic.

Question 10

Which information should the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a client prescribed tetracycline? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which information should the nurse include in...

Question 11

A client with tuberculosis asks why they are prescribed multiple drugs. Which information should the nurse include in the education?

Accepted Answer

Multiple drugs are prescribed to prevent the development of drug resistance in the bacteria causing tuberculosis. Using a combination of drugs makes it less likely that the bacteria will become resistant to any one drug. This helps ensure that the treatment will be effective and can help prevent the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Question 12

Which describes pathogenicity?

Accepted Answer

Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to cause infection, disease, or illness. This can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It is not related to killing pathogens or disrupting their DNA.

Question 13

Which is a nursing priority action for the client receiving gentamicin (Garamycin) intravenously?

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause ototoxicity (hearing loss) as a side effect. Therefore, the priority nursing action should be monitoring the client’s hearing. Drawing daily blood chemistries may be important, but it is not a priority over monitoring for hearing loss. Decreasing fluids during therapy and placing the client on isolation precautions are not related to the administration of gentamicin.

Question 14

Prior to administering a prescribed dose of gentamicin (Garamycin), the nurse notes a client's serum level of gentamicin (Garamycin) is 12 mcg/mL? Which action should the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

A serum level of 12 mcg/mL is above the therapeutic range for gentamicin, which is typically 5-10 mcg/mL. This puts the client at risk for toxicity, so the dose should be held and the prescriber should be notified. A new culture and sensitivity or serum level may be needed, but the priority action is to prevent harm to the client by holding the dose.

Question 15

The nurse notes a client that has received intravenous vancomycin (Vancocin) develops an upper body rash and has a decreased urine output. In addition to notifying the healthcare provider, which is the nurse's priority action?

Accepted Answer

The client's symptoms suggest an allergic reaction or nephrotoxicity related to vancomycin, and holding the next dose would be the most appropriate action to prevent further harm. Obtaining a sterile urine specimen and notifying the healthcare provider are also important, but holding the medication takes priority as it can potentially worsen the client's condition. Obtaining a stat x-ray and administering an antihistamine are not indicated or relevant to the client's symptoms.

Question 16

The nurse notes a client has a gram-negative urinary tract infection. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to many types of antibiotics, but fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin are effective in treating UTIs caused by gram-negative bacteria. Tetracycline and gentamicin are not as effective against gram-negative bacteria, and vancomycin is not used for UTIs.

Question 17

Which statement should the nurse include when discussing antibiotic resistance with a client?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to antibiotics can occur by the common use for nosocomial infections.

Question 18

Which question should the nurse ask the client that is prescribed cefepime (Maxipime)?

Accepted Answer

Cefepime is a cephalosporin antibiotic, and there is a known cross-sensitivity between penicillins and cephalosporins. Therefore, it's important to ask about penicillin allergies.

Question 19

Which should the nurse assess the client for that is receiving intravenous gentamicin (Garamycin)? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is known for its potential to cause neuromuscular toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, including ototoxicity (affecting both hearing and balance). It does not commonly cause cardiotoxicity or acute toxicity in the context of the options provided.

Question 20

Which is a priority nursing assessment for the client receiving multiple antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Multiple antibiotics can disrupt the normal flora and increase the risk of fungal or bacterial infections in other areas of the body. The listed symptoms can indicate the presence of these infections and require prompt assessment and treatment. While assessing blood cultures and renal/liver function tests may also be important, they are not as immediately critical as addressing potential secondary infections. Adequate food and fluid intake is important for all clients but is not the priority compared to assessing for signs of secondary infections.

Quiz 35: Drugs for Bacterial Infections