Question 1

Hank is angered when his younger brother receives the same amount of allowance as he does. "I do twice as many chores as him!" Hank expects fairness according to

Accepted Answer

Hank is expecting fairness based on merit, or the amount of work he does compared to his younger brother. He feels that he deserves more allowance because he does twice as many chores. This is an example of expecting fairness based on merit, rather than equality (where everyone receives the same regardless of their individual efforts or contributions).

Question 2

Melissa and Andrea went to Peru with their parents to help build a school for local villagers. They participated in

Accepted Answer

Melissa and Andrea's trip to Peru to help build a school for local villagers fits the definition of service learning, which involves community service combined with classroom instruction and reflection.

Question 3

Layton Jr. High is offering a course in which students discuss concepts such as democracy, trust, justice, and community. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Cognitive moral education focuses on the development of moral reasoning through discussion and exploration of ethical issues, such as democracy, trust, justice, and community.

Question 4

Four-year-old Bennett shares a favorite toy. According to William Damon (1988), Bennett is MOST likely motivated by a sense of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four-year-old Bennett shares a favorite toy. According...

Question 5

Derek went to Peru with his parents to help build a school for local villagers. What is a likely outcome of this experience for Derek?

Accepted Answer

Volunteering and engaging in service work typically leads to increased motivation, self-esteem, and goal-setting behavior. It is less likely that the experience would lead to A, B, or D, as there is no immediate indication that the experience would result in concern about income, social withdrawal, or rejecting financial comfort.

Question 6

William Damon proposes that children ages 3 years and younger share MOST often for

Accepted Answer

Children at this age are not yet developmentally capable of true altruism or empathy, and are more likely to share for non-empathetic reasons such as enjoyment or imitation.

Question 7

To a 6-year-old child, being fair would MOST likely mean giving

Accepted Answer

To a 6-year-old, being fair would most likely mean giving an equal amount to all. At this age, children are still developing their sense of fairness and may not fully understand concepts such as disadvantage or hard work. Therefore, the idea of everyone getting the same amount is the simplest and easiest to understand.

Question 8

An approach to moral instruction that encourages students to define their own principles and recognize the standards of others is called

Accepted Answer

Values clarification encourages students to think critically about their own values and beliefs and recognize the diversity of values and cultures in society. It emphasizes the process of decision-making rather than a specific set of moral principles.

Question 9

Which of the following regarding forgiveness is NOT true based on the results of a recent study of forgiveness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following regarding forgiveness is...

Question 10

Amelia is very thankful that her friend took the time to pick her up from the airport with her favorite coffee drink. Amelia's feelings are an example of

Accepted Answer

Amelia's feelings of being thankful indicate gratitude, which is an expression of appreciation and recognition for someone else's kindness or generosity.

Question 11

Service learning will generate positive outcomes for youth when which of the following conditions are met?

Accepted Answer

Reflecting on their participation allows students to process their experiences, connect them to their own lives, and develop a sense of civic responsibility. The other options do not necessarily lead to positive outcomes for youth in service learning.

Question 12

Students are more likely to cheat under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

When students know their peers are cheating, it creates a culture of cheating, making cheating seem more acceptable and common. This can lead to a greater likelihood of individual students also cheating. The other options, including closely monitoring testing, keeping student scores private, and clear consequences for cheating, may act as deterrents for cheating rather than encourage it.

Question 13

According to Narváez, integrative classroom environments focus on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Narváez highlights empathy and perspective taking, ethics, and social engagement as important aspects of integrative classroom environments. Punishment and reinforcement are not mentioned as a focus.

Question 14

Rena contributes 10 percent of her income to her church every month. Some argue that Rena does this because she benefits from the services and sense of community the church offers her. They argue the concept of

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity suggests that Rena contributes to her church because she expects to receive benefits or services in return. This could include feeling part of a community or receiving spiritual guidance. This is different from altruism, which suggests that Rena would contribute to the church purely out of a selfless desire to help others, or guilt avoidance, which suggests that Rena contributes to the church to alleviate feelings of guilt or obligation. Sympathy is not relevant in this context.

Question 15

For children, the most immediate stimulation of sharing is provided by the

Accepted Answer

Children's motivation to share is often driven by their interactions with peers and the give-and-take of requests and arguments. Children may feel pressure to share due to social norms or to gain approval from their peers. Sharing may also be a way for children to negotiate relationships and assert themselves within their social group. While adult authority figures may play a role in encouraging sharing, it is often the peer group that provides the immediate stimulation for sharing behavior.

Question 16

At an Easter egg hunt, the small children are allowed to start hunting a few minutes before the older children begin. This is an example of fairness according to

Accepted Answer

This is an example of fairness according to benevolence, as it involves giving the younger children a head start to ensure they have a fair chance, showing kindness and consideration for their abilities.

Question 17

Although finances are tight, William contributes 10 percent of his income to a local charity purely in the interest of helping others. This is an act of

Accepted Answer

William's contribution to the local charity purely for the purpose of helping others is an act of altruism, which means acting selflessly for the benefit of others without any personal gain or benefit.

Question 18

Martina participates in a group that discusses social responsibility and the experiences of others. Adults coach the group about ethical decision making and promote caring behaviors. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an integrative approach to moral education because it involves group discussion about social responsibility, coaching about ethical decision making, and promoting caring behaviors. This approach combines cognitive and affective elements to help individuals develop a strong sense of morality.

Question 19

The motivation to return a Christmas card when someone sends you one is based on the principal of

Accepted Answer

The principle of reciprocity implies that we feel obligated to return a favor or respond to a kind gesture in kind. When someone sends us a Christmas card, we may feel socially obligated to send one in return as a way of reciprocating their gesture of goodwill.

Question 20

Sydney feels great pressure from his parents to get good grades, but he doesn't like math or history, and he thinks those teachers are boring and don't care about students. His best friend recently cheated on a math test and received a passing grade. Sydney could be at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sydney may feel pressured to cheat if he believes it is the only way to meet his parents' expectations and avoid punishment. This behavior may become a pattern if he feels that cheating is necessary to succeed in school.

Quiz 13: Moral Development, Values, and Religion