Question 1

Kenna plays "store" and uses blocks and boxes for shelves and goods for sale. She is engaged in which type of play?

Accepted Answer

Pretense/symbolic play involves creating scenarios or situations that are not based in reality, such as playing "store" with blocks and boxes as props. This type of play helps children develop their imagination and understanding of how others think and feel.

Question 2

Bryn loves to see the toys on her bouncer seat move when she kicks her feet. In which of Bergen's play types is Bryn engaged?

Accepted Answer

Bryn is engaged in the sensorimotor play type as she is discovering the cause-and-effect relationship between her kicking and the movement of the toys on the bouncer.

Question 3

Which social aging theory states that older adults become more selective about their social networks and may seek greater emotional quality in relationships with friends and family?

Accepted Answer

The socioemotional selectivity theory states that as individuals age, they become more selective about their social networks and prioritize emotional gratification over other motives such as information-gathering or social status. This theory emphasizes that older adults may seek greater emotional quality in their relationships with friends and family.

Question 4

Kylie plays a partner computer game with her big sister. They each take turns making the alphabet monster eat a letter. In which type of play (Sumaroka & Bornstein, 2008) is Kylie engaged?

Accepted Answer

Kylie is engaged in social play because she is interacting with her sister in a shared activity, which involves communication and cooperation, typical characteristics of social play.

Question 5

Jorge retires next month. He has promised to return to train new employees when needed and is looking forward to being more politically involved in the community and devoting more time to his hobbies. This is an example of which aging theory?

Accepted Answer

Jorge's retirement plan involves staying active by continuing to train new employees and pursuing his hobbies. This aligns with the activity theory, which suggests that older adults who stay active and engaged in life are more satisfied and successful in aging.

Question 6

Which of the following has been linked to more vacation/leisure time?

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found that taking regular vacations or leisure time is linked to better health outcomes and a lower mortality rate. This can be attributed to factors such as reduced stress levels, increased physical activity, and improved mental health. Higher income (choice B) may provide more resources for leisure activities, but it is not necessarily linked to actually taking more leisure time. Lower subjective well-being (choice C) suggests a negative experience overall and would not be associated with increased vacation time. Shorter telomere length (choice D) has been linked to aging and shorter lifespans, so it would not be associated with taking more vacation or leisure time.

Question 7

In which industrialized country do adolescents have the most leisure time?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents in the United States typically have more leisure time compared to those in other industrialized countries due to cultural and educational system differences that allow for more free time outside of school and structured activities.

Question 8

As a minister who is concerned about the welfare of her parishioners, Reverend Douglas creates many roles in the church for retired church members. Reverend Douglas appears to be applying _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

Reverend Douglas is applying activity theory, which emphasizes that remaining engaged in activities promotes well-being and life satisfaction in older adults. By providing roles for retired church members, Reverend Douglas is helping to promote their continued activity and well-being. The other answer choices are not appropriate as they do not fit with the scenario described.

Question 9

Mr. Carter will retire next month. He has slowly been removing his mark from the company, as well as lessening his interest and activity in his community. This is an example of the pattern predicted by which theory of aging?

Accepted Answer

The description suggests that Mr. Carter is gradually disengaging from both his work and community, which aligns with the disengagement theory of aging. This theory proposes that as people age, they naturally withdraw from societal roles and activities, leading to mutually agreed-upon disengagement between the individual and society.

Question 10

Todd is playing in his throwing his ball repeatedly against the wall and catching it. In which type of play is he engaged?

Accepted Answer

Todd is repeatedly throwing and catching the ball, which is indicative of him practicing a specific skill. The other options, sensorimotor, constructive, and games, do not accurately describe the type of play that Todd is engaged in.

Question 11

Two-year-old Mac arranges his blocks into the form of a smiley face. In which play type is Mac engaged?

Accepted Answer

Mac is actively engaging with his blocks by creating a specific shape, which falls under the category of constructive play.

Question 12

Which type of play dramatically increases during the preschool years and involves turn taking, conversations, social games and routines, and physical play?

Accepted Answer

Social play, which involves turn taking, conversations, social games and routines, and physical play, dramatically increases during the preschool years as children become more interested in socializing and playing with others.

Question 13

Which type of play happens when an infant selects novel objects for exploration, especially toys that make noise or bounce?

Accepted Answer

This type of play falls under the sensorimotor stage of play, where infants explore and learn through their senses and movements. Infants often select novel objects, such as toys that make noise or bounce, to engage in this type of play.

Question 14

Young children's pretense/symbolic play fosters which of the following capacities?

Accepted Answer

Young children's pretense/symbolic play fosters the balancing of social roles as they often take on different roles and learn how to interact with others in different ways. While fine and gross motor skills and early mathematical skills can be developed through play, they are not the main focus of symbolic play.

Question 15

Ted is a U.S. adult looking back on his life. He most likely regrets which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Research and surveys often show that many adults regret not spending enough time on leisure activities and personal enjoyment, rather than working excessively or not taking enough breaks.

Question 16

Pretense/symbolic play peaks when a child is _____ year(s) old and then gradually declines.

Accepted Answer

Pretense or symbolic play typically peaks around the age of 5 years, as children at this age are highly imaginative and engage deeply in make-believe play. After this peak, such play gradually declines as children grow older and their play becomes more structured and rule-based.

Question 17

What percentage of U.S. adults 60 years and older spend no time in non-sedentary leisure activities?

Accepted Answer

Over 50 percent of U.S. adults aged 60 years and older spend no time in non-sedentary leisure activities, indicating a high level of sedentary behavior in this age group.

Question 18

Which play type is characterized by having rules?

Accepted Answer

Games are characterized by having rules that must be followed in order to play. Leisure, social play, and pretense/symbolic play do not necessarily have structured rules.

Question 19

Which theory holds the most positive view of the abilities of elderly adults?

Accepted Answer

The activity theory suggests that staying active and engaged leads to greater satisfaction and well-being in older adults, thus holding a positive view of their abilities.

Question 20

According to some studies (including by Mahoney, Larson, & Eccles), which of the following activities may be beneficial for adolescent development?

Accepted Answer

According to studies, structured voluntary activities (such as sports teams, clubs, and community service) can provide opportunities for skill-building, leadership development, and social connections. This can ultimately lead to positive outcomes such as increased self-esteem and academic achievement. Unchallenging leisure activities and unstructured time may not offer the same developmental benefits, while unstructured relaxation and social interaction may not provide opportunities for skill-building or leadership development.

Quiz 15: Peers and the Sociocultural World