Question 1

What does the root in the word nephrectomy refer to?
A)Removal of
B)Nephron
C)Kidney
D)Urine
E)Glomerulus

Accepted Answer

The root "nephro-" in the word nephrectomy refers to the kidney.

Question 2

What is the medical term for a plexus of capillaries in the nephron?
A)Hilum
B)Loop of Henle
C)Glomerulus
D)Calyx
E)Pelvis

Accepted Answer

The plexus of capillaries in the nephron is called the glomerulus. The hilum is the indentation on the side of the kidney where blood vessels enter and exit, the loop of Henle is a section of the nephron that descends into the medulla, the calyx is a cup-like structure that collects urine from the nephrons and the pelvis is the basin-like structure into which the calyces empty.

Question 3

What does the root in the term renal mean?
A)Pertaining to
B)Kidney
C)Nephron
D)Condition
E)Bladder

Accepted Answer

The root in the term renal is "-ren-", which pertains to or relates to the kidney.

Question 4

In the medical term peritubular, what does the prefix mean?
A)Over
B)Within
C)Around
D)Under
E)Small tube

Accepted Answer

The prefix "peri-" means "around" in medical terminology. Therefore, in the term "peritubular," "peri-" refers to the area around the tubules.

Question 5

The substance that is produced when amino acids are broken down is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The substance that is produced when amino...

Question 6

Which of the following terms means removal of metabolic waste?
A)Excretion
B)Filtration
C)Extracorporal
D)Absorption
E)Reabsorption

Accepted Answer

Excretion is the process of removing metabolic waste products, such as urea and ammonia, from the body. Filtration is a process by which substances pass through a filter, but it does not necessarily involve the removal of metabolic waste. Extracorporal refers to something that occurs outside the body, but it does not specifically refer to waste removal. Absorption and reabsorption refer to the uptake of nutrients or substances into the body, not the removal of waste.

Question 7

The plural form of the term cortex is
A)cortices
B)cortexes
C)corteces
D)corti
E)cortises

Accepted Answer

The plural form of cortex is cortices, which follows the standard English rule for forming plurals of words ending in -ex, such as index/indices or appendix/appendices.

Question 8

The hollow sac that holds fluids such as urine or bile is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hollow sac that holds fluids such...

Question 9

Which of the following substances is the end product of nitrogen metabolism?
A)Ammonia
B)Urine
C)Urea
D)Nitrites
E)Nitrates

Accepted Answer

Urea is the end product of nitrogen metabolism in humans and other mammals. Ammonia is toxic and must be converted to urea before being excreted in the urine. Nitrites and nitrates are not end products of nitrogen metabolism but rather are formed during the nitrogen cycle in soil and water.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
A)Filter blood to eliminate wastes
B)Regulate blood volume
C)Maintain homeostasis
D)Synthesize Vitamin A for cell repair
E)Secrete the hormone erythropoietin

Accepted Answer

The kidneys do not synthesize Vitamin A for cell repair.

Question 11

Which of the following terms is part of the urinary system?
A)Islets of Langerhans
B)McBurney point
C)Fowler's loop
D)Loop of Henle
E)Wilm's collection tubules

Accepted Answer

The Loop of Henle is a part of the nephron in the kidney, which is a component of the urinary system. The other choices are not related to the urinary system.

Question 12

The outer layer of an organ is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The outer layer of an organ is...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a metabolic waste?
A)Carbon dioxide
B)Water
C)Electrolytes
D)Amino acids
E)Nitrogenous compounds

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are not considered metabolic waste; they are essential building blocks for proteins and are utilized by the body for various functions, including tissue repair and growth. Metabolic wastes, on the other hand, are substances left over from metabolic processes that the body needs to excrete, such as carbon dioxide, water, electrolytes, and nitrogenous compounds like urea.

Question 14

What is the medical term for the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave?
A)Hilum
B)Portal
C)Threshold
D)Terminal
E)Meatus

Accepted Answer

The hilum refers to the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave.

Question 15

What does the suffix in the word nitrogenous mean?
A)Nitrogen
B)One who studies
C)Create
D)Pertaining to
E)Containing

Accepted Answer

The suffix "-ous" in nitrogenous means "pertaining to". Therefore, nitrogenous means "pertaining to nitrogen".

Question 16

What is the name of the organ located on one side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and the spleen and lies against the deep muscles of the back?
A)Right kidney
B)Pancreas
C)Ureter
D)Left kidney
E)Gallbladder

Accepted Answer

The organ described is the left kidney. The location and relationship to the vertebral column, peritoneum, spleen, and deep muscles of the back all point to the left kidney specifically.

Question 17

Which of the following vessels carries waste-laden blood to the kidney?
A)Renal artery
B)Renal vein
C)Urethral artery
D)Inferior vena cava
E)Aorta

Accepted Answer

The renal artery carries blood rich in waste products to the kidneys for filtration, not the renal vein, urethral artery, inferior vena cava, or aorta, which have different roles in the circulatory and excretory systems.

Question 18

A specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the kidney is a(n)
A)cytologist
B)nephrologist
C)urologist
D)histologist
E)renalogist

Accepted Answer

A nephrologist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the kidney. A cytologist is a specialist in the study and diagnosis of cells. A urologist specializes in the treatment of the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive system. A histologist is a specialist in the study of tissues. There is no such medical term as "renalogist."

Question 19

What is the process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood?
A)Excretion
B)Absorption
C)Perfusion
D)Filtration
E)Reabsorption

Accepted Answer

The process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood is called Filtration. This process occurs in the kidneys where blood is filtered and waste products such as urea, excess water, and electrolytes are removed from the blood and excreted in the urine.

Question 20

An enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An enzyme secreted by the kidney that...

Quiz 6: Urinary System

What does the root in the word nephrectomy refer to?

What is the medical term for a plexus of capillaries in the nephron?

What does the root in the term renal mean?

In the medical term peritubular, what does the prefix mean?

The substance that is produced when amino acids are broken down is ________.

Which of the following terms means removal of metabolic waste?

The plural form of the term cortex is

The hollow sac that holds fluids such as urine or bile is the ________.

Which of the following substances is the end product of nitrogen metabolism?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Which of the following terms is part of the urinary system?

The outer layer of an organ is known as the ________.

Which of the following is NOT considered a metabolic waste?

What is the medical term for the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave?

What does the suffix in the word nitrogenous mean?

What is the name of the organ located on one side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and the spleen and lies against the deep muscles of the back?

Which of the following vessels carries waste-laden blood to the kidney?

A specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the kidney is a(n)

What is the process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood?

An enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction is ________.