Question 1

Match between columns Premises: The second law of thermodynamics states that the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant.
H₂ is the most stable and abundant form of hydrogen in the environment. The source of all energy for living systems is chlorophyll.
CO₂ gas is fixed in a series of reactions that are light-dependent.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of True and False is...

Question 2

A.You are measuring the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.If you plot reaction rate against temperature, which of the graphs in Figure 3-64 would you expect your plot to resemble?
B.Explain why temperature has this effect.  
Figure 3-64

Accepted Answer

The answer of A.You are measuring the effect of temperature...

Question 3

If you weigh yourself on a scale one morning, then eat four pounds of food during the day, will you weigh four pounds more the next morning? Why or why not? (Hint: What happens to the atoms from the food you ingested?)

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you weigh yourself on a scale...

Question 4

Hydrolysis reactions are commonly used inside the cell to split high-energy covalent bonds.For each of the three reactions below, use the ΔG° for each reaction to determine the equilibrium constants (K).Assume that each reaction occurs independently of the other two.
ΔG° (kcal/mole)
Reaction 1: acetyl-P → acetate + P −10.3
Reaction 2: ATP → ADP + P −7.3
Reaction 3: glucose 6-P → glucose + P −3.3

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hydrolysis reactions are commonly used inside the...

Question 5

All of the biological molecules listed below contain high-energy phosphate bonds.Which one is the key driver of most phosphorylation reactions and the transfer of metabolic energy?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine-P₃, also known as ATP, is the key driver of most phosphorylation reactions and the transfer of metabolic energy in cells. It contains high-energy phosphate bonds that can be hydrolyzed to release energy for cellular processes. Glucose-P, creatine-P, and acetyl-P also contain high-energy phosphate bonds but they are not as commonly involved in phosphorylation and energy transfer reactions as ATP.

Question 6

Arrange the following molecules in order with respect to their relative levels of oxidation (assign 5 to the most oxidized and 1 to the most reduced). _______ CH₂O (formaldehyde) _______ CH₄ (methane) _______ CHOOH (formic acid) _______ CH₃OH (methanol) _______ CO₂ (carbon dioxide)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arrange the following molecules in order with...

Question 7

Match between columns Premises: Photosynthetic organisms release only O₂ into the atmosphere, while non-photosynthetic organisms release only CO₂.
The oxidation of one molecule is always coupled to the reduction of a second molecule.
The cycling of carbon through the biosphere first requires the incorporation of inorganic CO₂ into organic molecules.
During cellular respiration, carbon-containing molecules become successively more oxidized until they reach their most oxidized form, as CO₂.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of False and True is...

Question 8

For each of the pairs A-D in Figure 3-54, pick the more reduced member of the pair. $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$(i)$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$(ii)

(A)$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$ \mathrm{Fe}^{3+} $$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ $ \mathrm{Fe}^{2+} $

(B)$\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}$$\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}$

(C)
$\quad$$\quad$  $\quad$

(D)$\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}$ $\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}$
 
Figure 3-54

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the pairs A-D in...

Question 9

Match between columns Premises: Reactions that are energetically favorable occur rapidly because there is no energy of activation.
Enzymes accelerate reactions by transferring energy to reactant molecules.
Spontaneous reactions are characterized by a negative change in free energy.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of False and True is...

Question 10

You are studying a biochemical pathway that requires ATP as an energy source.To your dismay, the reactions soon stop, partly because the ATP is rapidly used up and partly because an excess of ADP builds up and inhibits the enzymes involved.You are about to give up when the following table from a biochemistry textbook catches your eye. $\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\text {hydrolysis}$
$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\quad $$\underline{\text {reaction}}$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ $\Delta G^{\circ}$
$\text { creatine + ATP } \quad\quad\quad\quad \stackrel{\text { enzyme A }}{\longrightarrow} \text { creatine phosphate + ADP +3 kcal/mole }$

$\text { ATP }+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \stackrel{\text { enzyme B }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{ADP}+\text { phosphate } \quad \quad\quad\quad-7.3 \mathrm{kcal} / \text { mole }$

$\text { pyrophosphate }+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \quad \stackrel{\text { enzyme } \mathrm{C}}{\longrightarrow} 2 \text { phosphate } \quad\quad\quad\quad \quad\quad\quad\quad-7 \mathrm{kcal} / \text { mole }$

glucose 6-phosphate $ +\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \quad\stackrel{\text { enzyme D }}{\longrightarrow} $qlucose + phosphate $ \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad-3.3 \mathrm{kcal} / \mathrm{mole} $
 Table 3-43
Which of the following reagents is/are most likely to revitalize your reaction?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate and enzyme A can regenerate ATP from ADP, thus revitalizing the reaction by replenishing ATP and reducing ADP inhibition.

Question 11

Consider a description of an enzymatic reaction pathway that begins with the binding of substrate S to enzyme E, and ends with the release of product P from the enzyme. E + S → ES → EP → E + P In many circumstances, K_m = [E][S]/[ES] A.What proportion of enzyme molecules is bound to substrate when [S] = K_m? B.Recall that when [S] = K_m, the reaction rate is ½V_max.Does your answer to part A make sense in the light of this rate information?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider a description of an enzymatic reaction...

Question 12

The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid requires the production of an activated intermediate followed by a condensation step that completes the process.Both amino acids are shown in Figure 3-46.  Figure 3-46
Which molecule is added to glutamic acid in the activation step?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid...

Question 13

Fill in the blanks, selecting from the choices below. CO, CO₂, O₂, H₂, H₂O, N₂, NO Light + _________ + _________ → _________ + heat + sugars

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fill in the blanks, selecting from the...

Question 14

The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid requires the production of an activated intermediate followed by a condensation step that completes the process.Both amino acids are shown in Figure 3-47.  Figure 3-47
In the condensation step, __________ is displaced by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid...

Question 15

NADH and NADPH are activated carrier molecules that function in completely different metabolic reactions.Both carry two additional __________ and one additional __________.This combination can also be referred to as a hydride ion.

Accepted Answer

NADH and NADPH both carry two additional electrons and one additional proton, which together form a hydride ion (H⁻).

Question 16

Match between columns Premises: Enzymes lower the free energy released by the reaction that they facilitate.
Enzymes increase the average energy of reactant molecules. Enzymes lower the activation energy for a specific reaction. Enzymes increase the probability that any given reactant molecule will be converted to product.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of False and True is...

Question 17

Match between columns Premises: The diffusion rates for smaller molecules in the cytosol are much lower than what is observed for the same molecules in water. The cytosol is densely packed with molecules, creating what is more an aqueous gel than a solution.
When two macromolecules form a complex, the free energy of the system increases because there is a net increase of order within the cell.
Sequential pathways can help drive unfavorable reactions by siphoning off the products into the next energetically favorable reaction in the series.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of True and False is...

Question 18

The anhydride formed between a carboxylic acid and a phosphate (Figure 3-45A) is a high-energy intermediate for some reactions in which ATP is the energy source.Arsenate can also be incorporated into a similar high-energy intermediate in place of the phosphate (Figure 3-45B).Figure 3-45C shows the reaction profiles for the hydrolysis of these two high-energy intermediates.What is the effect of substituting arsenate for phosphate in this reaction? (A)

(B)

Figure 3-45

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anhydride formed between a carboxylic acid...

Question 19

Match between columns Premises: Enzymes alter the equilibrium point of a reaction.
V_max can be determined by measuring the amount of product accumulated late in the reaction.
Competitive inhibitors bind irreversibly to the enzyme active site, lowering V_max.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of False and True is...

Question 20

Match between columns Premises: ATP is a very common activated carrier molecule that donates electrons rather than a chemical group. Activated carriers supply energy for catabolic reactions and are regenerated when coupled to anabolic reactions. Activated carriers can provide energy and donate chemical groups to substrates in biosynthetic reactions.
Activated carriers provide energy for unfavorable reactions and are "reloaded" when coupled to favorable reactions.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of False and True is...

Quiz 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

A.You are measuring the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.If you plot reaction rate against temperature, which of the graphs in Figure 3-64 would you expect your plot to resemble? B.Explain why temperature has this effect. Figure 3-64

If you weigh yourself on a scale one morning, then eat four pounds of food during the day, will you weigh four pounds more the next morning? Why or why not? (Hint: What happens to the atoms from the food you ingested?)

All of the biological molecules listed below contain high-energy phosphate bonds.Which one is the key driver of most phosphorylation reactions and the transfer of metabolic energy?

Arrange the following molecules in order with respect to their relative levels of oxidation (assign 5 to the most oxidized and 1 to the most reduced). ___ CH₂O (formaldehyde) _ CH₄ (methane) _ CHOOH (formic acid) _ CH₃OH (methanol) _____ CO₂ (carbon dioxide)

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid requires the production of an activated intermediate followed by a condensation step that completes the process.Both amino acids are shown in Figure 3-46. Figure 3-46 Which molecule is added to glutamic acid in the activation step?

Fill in the blanks, selecting from the choices below. CO, CO₂, O₂, H₂, H₂O, N₂, NO Light + _____ + _ → _____ + heat + sugars

The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid requires the production of an activated intermediate followed by a condensation step that completes the process.Both amino acids are shown in Figure 3-47. Figure 3-47 In the condensation step, is displaced by .

NADH and NADPH are activated carrier molecules that function in completely different metabolic reactions.Both carry two additional and one additional .This combination can also be referred to as a hydride ion.

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements about enzymes are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Quiz 3: Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

A.You are measuring the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.If you plot reaction rate against temperature, which of the graphs in Figure 3-64 would you expect your plot to resemble? B.Explain why temperature has this effect. Figure 3-64

If you weigh yourself on a scale one morning, then eat four pounds of food during the day, will you weigh four pounds more the next morning? Why or why not? (Hint: What happens to the atoms from the food you ingested?)

All of the biological molecules listed below contain high-energy phosphate bonds.Which one is the key driver of most phosphorylation reactions and the transfer of metabolic energy?

Arrange the following molecules in order with respect to their relative levels of oxidation (assign 5 to the most oxidized and 1 to the most reduced). _______ CH2O (formaldehyde) _______ CH4 (methane) _______ CHOOH (formic acid) _______ CH3OH (methanol) _______ CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid requires the production of an activated intermediate followed by a condensation step that completes the process.Both amino acids are shown in Figure 3-46. Figure 3-46 Which molecule is added to glutamic acid in the activation step?

Fill in the blanks, selecting from the choices below. CO, CO2, O2, H2, H2O, N2, NO Light + _________ + _________ → _________ + heat + sugars

The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid requires the production of an activated intermediate followed by a condensation step that completes the process.Both amino acids are shown in Figure 3-47. Figure 3-47 In the condensation step, __________ is displaced by __________.

NADH and NADPH are activated carrier molecules that function in completely different metabolic reactions.Both carry two additional __________ and one additional __________.This combination can also be referred to as a hydride ion.

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements about enzymes are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

Arrange the following molecules in order with respect to their relative levels of oxidation (assign 5 to the most oxidized and 1 to the most reduced). ___ CH₂O (formaldehyde) _ CH₄ (methane) _ CHOOH (formic acid) _ CH₃OH (methanol) _____ CO₂ (carbon dioxide)

Fill in the blanks, selecting from the choices below. CO, CO₂, O₂, H₂, H₂O, N₂, NO Light + _____ + _ → _____ + heat + sugars

The synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid requires the production of an activated intermediate followed by a condensation step that completes the process.Both amino acids are shown in Figure 3-47. Figure 3-47 In the condensation step, is displaced by .

NADH and NADPH are activated carrier molecules that function in completely different metabolic reactions.Both carry two additional and one additional .This combination can also be referred to as a hydride ion.