Question 1

Samuel Huntington's controversial thesis contends that there is a clash of civilizations occurring. He argues that the sources of conflict between groups of people are primarily about:
A) access to natural resources
B) cultural issues that support civilizations
C) environmental degradation
D) domination through economic strength

Accepted Answer

According to Samuel Huntington, the clash of civilizations occurs due to cultural issues that support and define civilizations. He argues that these cultural differences are more fundamental than political or economic differences and that they are the primary sources of conflict between groups of people. The clash of civilizations thesis suggests that as the world becomes more globally interconnected, cultural clashes will become more intense and frequent, leading to a potential escalation of conflicts.

Question 2

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society:
A) focuses on ethnic rivalries that remain in Rwanda
B) emphasizes cultural and political explanations and minimizes environmental factors
C) emphasizes environmental factors and minimizes political and cultural factors
D) focuses on political instability

Accepted Answer

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society emphasizes environmental factors like deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change as the main cause and minimizes political and cultural factors. He argues that these environmental factors led to agricultural productivity decline, poverty, scarcity of resources, and ultimately social and political instability, which contributed to the genocide.

Question 3

Which of the following hold the perspective that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy?
A) skeptics
B) hyperglobalizers
C) transformationalists
D) world systems theorists

Accepted Answer

Skeptics believe that regionalization leads to less integration and that national governments remain significant in the economy. They argue that economic regionalization can be a form of protectionism and that globalization does not necessarily result in the demise of the nation-state.

Question 4

If hybridity in the global film industry is also true in the clothing industry, we might expect to see:
A) lower-quality clothing made from production processes that cannot be clearly traced or held accountable
B) fashion models from the global south
C) clothing styles that fuse, blend, and borrow from various cultures
D) one culture's clothing style become globally dominant

Accepted Answer

If hybridity in the global film industry is also true in the clothing industry, we might expect to see clothing styles that fuse, blend, and borrow from various cultures. Globalization and the internet have made it easier for cultures to blend and for designers to take inspiration from various cultures leading to the creation of hybrid clothing styles.

Question 5

Which of the following would argue that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies, resulting in a loss of faith by their citizens?
A) skeptics
B) hyperglobalizers
C) transformationalists
D) postmodernists

Accepted Answer

Hyperglobalizers argue that globalization is leading to a borderless world where national governments are losing control over their economies. They believe that this results in a loss of faith by citizens in their governments due to a shift of power towards multinational corporations and international organizations. Skeptics disagree with this view, arguing that governments still play a significant role in controlling their economies. Transformationalists believe that globalization is leading to a transformation of societies and cultures, but they do not take a stance on the extent of government control. Postmodernists focus more on the cultural impact of globalization rather than its economic effects on governments.

Question 6

Globalization in the twenty-first century is:
A) an ongoing process that began centuries ago
B) different from earlier global movements because nation-states are now more independent than ever before
C) primarily a cultural phenomenon
D) a level of interconnectedness that is historically unprecedented

Accepted Answer

Globalization in the twenty-first century is a level of interconnectedness that is historically unprecedented. While globalization has been ongoing for centuries, the current level of interconnectivity is at an all-time high, with advancements in transportation, communication, and technology. Additionally, nation-states may be more interdependent than ever before, rather than independent, as trade agreements and multinational corporations have allowed for global economic integration.

Question 7

Globalization has sparked the growth of organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the United Nations, all examples of:
A) international governmental organizations
B) transnational corporations
C) international nongovernmental organizations
D) globalized political institutions

Accepted Answer

The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the United Nations are all international governmental organizations. They exist to promote global cooperation and provide support in areas such as economic growth, poverty reduction, and peacekeeping efforts.

Question 8

Which of the following would argue that compared with patterns of trade a century ago, the world economy is less global and more regionalized, meaning that trade and exchange happens only in a few geographic areas among a few groups?
A) hyperglobalizers
B) transformationalists
C) postindustrialists
D) skeptics

Accepted Answer

Skeptics argue that the world economy is not as global as hyperglobalizers claim it to be. Instead, they suggest that regionalization is a more accurate description of the current patterns of trade and exchange, with interactions concentrated in certain regions rather than being spread globally.

Question 9

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change in the modern world is considered to be:
A) the invention of the wheel
B) the invention of the printing press
C) industrial capitalism
D) democracy

Accepted Answer

Industrial capitalism has had a significant impact on social change in the modern world. The ability to mass-produce goods at a cheaper cost led to a shift from an agrarian society to an urban one, creating new social classes and economic opportunities. This transformation also contributed to the rise of a consumer culture and fueled global economic growth. While the invention of the wheel and the printing press were important inventions in human history, they did not have the same far-reaching economic influence as industrial capitalism. While democracy has had a significant impact on politics and social change, its economic influence is not as great as industrial capitalism.

Question 10

A sociologist conducts a study about the ways in which globalization produces "compression of time and space." Which setting is best for observing this process?
A) a call center in India that relies on Internet-based telecommunications infrastructure
B) a yoga class in Canada where yoga, an Eastern practice, is used as a fitness and beauty regimen
C) an impoverished village in Rwanda where the effects of the Rwandan genocide are still being experienced
D) a board meeting of an international governmental organization where power elites make decisions

Accepted Answer

The observation of compression of time and space is best seen in a setting where technology and communication play a significant role. The call center in India, relying on Internet-based telecommunications infrastructure, would provide insight into the effects of globalization on communication and how it has compressed time and space. The other settings may have different aspects of globalization, but they do not necessarily illustrate the concept of compression of time and space as directly as the call center in India.

Question 11

The most significant political factor in speeding up patterns of change in the modern world was the:
A) invention of the electronic voting machine
B) emergence of the modern state
C) commitment to less government involvement in social life and the economy
D) spread of democracy

Accepted Answer

The emergence of the modern state significantly sped up patterns of change in the modern world by centralizing power, standardizing laws, and fostering national identities, which in turn facilitated economic development, social reforms, and international relations.

Question 12

Which of the following believe that globalization is challenging the power of nation-states?
A) hyperglobalizers
B) transformationalists
C) skeptics
D) transitionists

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following believe that globalization...

Question 13

Many industrial workers have been unemployed and left without the skills required in a knowledge-based economy because of:
A) discrimination against factory and industrial workers
B) new types of education that train workers for the knowledge economy
C) long-standing employment patterns
D) global trade and new forms of technology

Accepted Answer

The increased reliance on global trade and new forms of technology has led to a decline in demand for certain types of industrial jobs, leaving many workers without work and without the skills necessary for the evolving knowledge-based economy.

Question 14

According to the text, one of the next steps in the technology race is:
A) time
B) compression of space and time
C) nanotechnology
D) microtechnology

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, one of the...

Question 15

Which of the following see the political structures of countries adapting to challenges from new forms of economic and social organization, which range from corporations to social movements?
A) skeptics
B) hyperglobalizers
C) transformationalists
D) postindustrialists

Accepted Answer

Transformationalists view the global system as having undergone significant changes with the rise of globalization, resulting in a shift away from traditional nation-state politics and towards new forms of governance and power dynamics. They see political structures as having to adapt to these changes, which are driven by various factors such as economic and social organizations like corporations and social movements.

Question 16

A skeptic believes that globalization:
A) is having major consequences across the globe
B) has been occurring for more than a century and that its effects are overstated
C) is creating unprecedented levels of inequality and misery in the world
D) is largely coming to an end

Accepted Answer

A skeptic would argue that globalization has been happening for a long time and its effects are not as significant as they are often portrayed. They may acknowledge that there are some consequences, but they would argue that they are not as dramatic as some make them out to be.

Question 17

Why is writing considered key to the development of large-scale organizations, a major social change in human history?
A) Chiefs, lords, and monarchs were able to declare their power in permanent form (writing).
B) Ordinary people were able to communicate across greater distances of time and space.
C) Writing allowed for record-keeping, which is necessary for large organizations.
D) Elites gained literacy first, so they gained organizational power.

Accepted Answer

Writing allowed for record-keeping, which is necessary for large organizations. Without writing, it would be much more difficult to keep track of important information such as inventory, finances, and personnel. Writing enables organizations to maintain continuity over time, even as members come and go. It also facilitates communication across different departments or locations.

Question 18

Religion can be a cause of social change. Sociologists classify religion as a _________ cause of change.
A) political
B) premodern
C) cultural
D) secondary

Accepted Answer

Religion can inspire cultural changes, such as shifts in values and norms, which can lead to larger social changes. However, it is not considered a political cause of change as it does not necessarily involve governmental action or policy. It is also not considered premodern, as religion can continue to be a force for change in modern societies. Lastly, it is not a secondary cause of change as it can be a primary driver of social change.

Question 19

According to the text, social change is:
A) disruptive because for most of human history, societies did not experience social change
B) sometimes necessary but costly in terms of disruption to individuals and systems
C) present in all societies but is especially intense in the modern era
D) desirable because its benefits greatly outweigh its costs in almost all instances

Accepted Answer

Social change is a constant in all societies, but it is particularly pronounced in the modern era due to rapid technological, cultural, and economic developments.

Question 20

Transformationalists believe that globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change because:
A) it has been occurring for centuries and has been managed fairly successfully in the past
B) it is a decentralized, unpredictable, and contradictory process
C) multinational corporations will alter its patterns to serve their needs
D) interregional relations will alter its dynamics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Transformationalists believe that globalization is a dynamic...

Quiz 20: Globalization in a Changing World

Samuel Huntington's controversial thesis contends that there is a clash of civilizations occurring. He argues that the sources of conflict between groups of people are primarily about:

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society:

Which of the following hold the perspective that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy?

If hybridity in the global film industry is also true in the clothing industry, we might expect to see:

Which of the following would argue that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies, resulting in a loss of faith by their citizens?

Globalization in the twenty-first century is:

Globalization has sparked the growth of organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the United Nations, all examples of:

Which of the following would argue that compared with patterns of trade a century ago, the world economy is less global and more regionalized, meaning that trade and exchange happens only in a few geographic areas among a few groups?

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change in the modern world is considered to be:

A sociologist conducts a study about the ways in which globalization produces "compression of time and space." Which setting is best for observing this process?

The most significant political factor in speeding up patterns of change in the modern world was the:

Which of the following believe that globalization is challenging the power of nation-states?

Many industrial workers have been unemployed and left without the skills required in a knowledge-based economy because of:

According to the text, one of the next steps in the technology race is:

Which of the following see the political structures of countries adapting to challenges from new forms of economic and social organization, which range from corporations to social movements?

A skeptic believes that globalization:

Why is writing considered key to the development of large-scale organizations, a major social change in human history?

Religion can be a cause of social change. Sociologists classify religion as a _________ cause of change.

According to the text, social change is:

Transformationalists believe that globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change because: