Question 1

Evidence suggests support for the notion that immune functioning is impaired by

Accepted Answer

Depression has been linked to a decrease in immune functioning, specifically in the production of cytokines, which are important for fighting off infections and inflammation.

Question 2

Academic stress has been associated with

Accepted Answer

Academic stress has been associated with decreases in total T, and lymphocytes, indicating a negative impact on immune function.

Question 3

Which of these is NOT a chronic psychosocial stressor?

Accepted Answer

The other options all refer to chronic stressors that can have negative effects on mental health over a prolonged period of time. Secure attachment, on the other hand, is a protective factor that can buffer against the negative effects of stress.

Question 4

Stress has been related to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stress has been related to
...

Question 5

Psychoneuroimmunology refers to the interactions among behavioural, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes of adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is indeed the study of the interactions among behavioural, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes of adaptation.

Question 6

The links between social support and immune functioning

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that social support predicts greater natural killer (NK) cell activity, indicating a link between social support and immune functioning. Option A is incorrect because loneliness can actually have negative effects on immune functioning. Option B is incorrect as divorce or separation can be a stressor and negatively impact immune functioning. Option C is also incorrect as social support is important for immune functioning across age groups. Option E is not entirely accurate as while the links may not be extremely strong, they are still significant.

Question 7

HIV primarily attacks

Accepted Answer

HIV primarily targets and infects helper T cells and macrophages, which are important components of the immune system. This leads to the gradual destruction of these cells, weakening the overall immune response and leaving the body vulnerable to other infections and diseases.

Question 8

Intense, short-term stressors

Accepted Answer

Intense, short-term stressors can recruit cells that may help defend against wounds and infection, such as neutrophils and natural killer cells. These cells are important for immune functioning and can help ward off potential threats to the body.

Question 9

Research on relaxation for enhancing immunocompetence has found that ________ increased the number of circulating leukocytes and decreased cortisol.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on relaxation for enhancing immunocompetence has...

Question 10

Studies of personality and coping styles have found that the stress-immune functioning relationship is moderated by

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to manage and cope with stressors. Studies have found that individuals with high self-efficacy tend to have better immune functioning, even when experiencing stress. This suggests that self-efficacy moderates the stress-immune functioning relationship.

Question 11

Feelings of self-efficacy and the ability to exercise control over stressful events are associated with

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that feelings of self-efficacy and the ability to exercise control over stressful events are associated with less immunocompromise under stress. This means that individuals who feel empowered and in control of the situations they face are less likely to experience negative effects on their immune system when confronted with stressors.

Question 12

may mute the adverse effects of stress on the immune system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of may mute the adverse effects of stress...

Question 13

Studies have found impaired immune functioning among bereaved individuals, even if these individuals do not show evidence of depression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies have found impaired immune functioning among...

Question 14

The quality of one's interpersonal relationships has been implicated in immunocompromise. Which of the following has NOT been found to be associated with physical and emotional illness?

Accepted Answer

Being single has not been found to be associated with physical and emotional illness.

Question 15

Loneliness has an adverse effect on immune functioning.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that loneliness triggers a stress response in the body, which can lead to inflammation and suppress immune functioning. Chronic loneliness has been associated with a weaker immune response to vaccinations and an increased risk of illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Question 16

can trigger apoptosis (cell death) of white blood cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of can trigger apoptosis (cell death) of white...

Question 17

Studies with human subjects indicate that exposure to stressors is related to immunologic change.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that exposure to stressors, such as acute or chronic stress, are related to changes in immune function, including alterations in levels of immune cells and cytokines.

Question 18

Psychoneuroimmunology refers to

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology refers to the interactions among behavioural, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes of adaptation. It involves the study of how psychological and social factors affect the immune system and how the immune system in turn affects the central nervous system and behaviour.

Question 19

Impaired immune functioning has been found in samples of adults who have experienced short-term marital conflict, marital separation, and divorce.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that short-term marital conflict, marital separation, and divorce can lead to impaired immune functioning in adults. Stressful life events, including relationship problems, can trigger the release of stress hormones that suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illness and disease.

Question 20

Evidence suggests that some of the adverse effects of depression on immunity may be mediated by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence suggests that some of the adverse...

Quiz 14: Psychoneuroimmunology, Aids, Cancer, and Arthritis Part 6 Toward the Future