Question 1

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

The brain is not an accessory organ of the digestive system. The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are all accessory organs that aid in the digestion and absorption of food.

Question 2

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into ________.

Accepted Answer

Lipids are absorbed into the small intestine and then packaged into chylomicrons, which are transported through the lymphatic system and eventually enter the bloodstream via the thoracic duct. So, lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons.

Question 3

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic?

Accepted Answer

Yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus is considered to be a probiotic food, as it contains beneficial bacteria that can improve gut health. Bread and cereals made from refined enriched wheat flour, fresh lean meat, and eggs laid by hens that consume organic feed are not probiotic foods.

Question 4

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

The spleen is not an accessory organ of the digestive system. It is part of the lymphatic system and helps filter the blood. The tongue, pancreas, and liver are all accessory organs of the digestive system.

Question 5

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

Accepted Answer

Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels found within the villi of the small intestine that absorb lipids and transport them into the lymphatic system. Chylomicrons, which are composed of lipids and protein, are transported into the lacteals and eventually enter the bloodstream via the thoracic duct. Thus, lipids are primarily absorbed into the lacteals within the villi after being incorporated into chylomicrons.

Question 6

After being absorbed,water-soluble nutrients such as glucose,fructose,iron,and vitamin C ________.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream. They do not form chylomicrons or enter lymph or lacteal.

Question 7

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

Accepted Answer

Gut microbiota is capable of producing biotin, also known as vitamin H, which plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, nerve function, and metabolism. Cholesterol, zinc, and iron are not produced by gut microbiota.

Question 8

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

Accepted Answer

Legumes such as lentils, chickpeas, and beans are a rich source of prebiotics such as inulin and oligosaccharides. These prebiotics provide fuel for the beneficial bacteria in the gut and promote their growth and activity. Yogurt can contain some probiotics, but it is not a significant source of prebiotics. Butter and eggs do not contain prebiotics.

Question 9

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

Accepted Answer

The liver is an accessory organ of the digestive system, along with the pancreas and gallbladder. It produces bile, which helps to break down fats in the small intestine. The jejunum and colon are parts of the small and large intestine, respectively. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Question 10

Last night,Sara ate French fries,fried fish,and creamy cole slaw.For dessert,she had a chocolate milk shake.About an hour after eating this food,she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain.Based on this information,Sara probably has ________.

Accepted Answer

Sara's symptoms suggest gallstones because her pain occurred after consuming a meal high in fat, which can trigger gallbladder contractions and pain if gallstones are present.

Question 11

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase.As a result of his condition,his mouth cannot ________.

Accepted Answer

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into simpler sugars, so if Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase, his mouth cannot begin starch digestion.

Question 12

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his ________.

Accepted Answer

Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels that absorb dietary fats and transport them to the bloodstream. If Leonard's lacteals are blocked, it means that his intestinal tract would not be able to absorb much fat, leading to malabsorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 13

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

Accepted Answer

Biotin is a vitamin that is produced by gut microbiota. Potassium and sodium are minerals that are not produced by gut microbiota. Bile is not a nutrient made by gut microbiota, but rather a substance produced by the liver that aids in digestion.

Question 14

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

Accepted Answer

Soybeans are a rich source of prebiotics, specifically a type of fiber called oligosaccharides, which are not digested by our own enzymes but promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Eggs, yogurt, and butter do not contain significant amounts of prebiotics.

Question 15

Chyme is the ________.

Accepted Answer

Chyme is the semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

Question 16

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Rose probably ________.

Accepted Answer

Saliva helps to moisten and lubricate food, making it easier to swallow and digest. Without sufficient saliva, Rose may experience difficulty in chewing and swallowing food. Using spices and sauces may help to soften and moisten the food, making it easier to eat.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine and provide a range of health benefits, including improving gut health, aiding digestion, and boosting the immune system. However, they have not been clinically proven to cure colon cancer. Prebiotics, on the other hand, are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut and are not harmful to gut microbiota. They are not immature probiotics.

Question 18

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called ________.

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis is the involuntary muscular movement that pushes food from the back of the mouth through the esophagus and into the stomach. Segmentation is a type of muscular movement that occurs in the small intestine and helps mix and break down food, but it does not occur in the esophagus. Lipolysis is the breakdown of fat molecules, and gluconeogenesis is the process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Question 19

Salivary glands secrete amylase,an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

Accepted Answer

Salivary glands secrete amylase, which is an enzyme that breaks down starch (a type of carbohydrate) into smaller sugar molecules in the mouth. This is the only option that aligns with the function of amylase.

Question 20

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

Accepted Answer

Villi are tiny finger-like structures that line the small intestine and are responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit signals throughout the body, lacteals are small lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb digestive fats, and arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Quiz 4: Body Basics

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into ________.

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic?

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

After being absorbed,water-soluble nutrients such as glucose,fructose,iron,and vitamin C ________.

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

Last night,Sara ate French fries,fried fish,and creamy cole slaw.For dessert,she had a chocolate milk shake.About an hour after eating this food,she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain.Based on this information,Sara probably has ________.

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase.As a result of his condition,his mouth cannot ________.

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his ________.

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

Chyme is the ________.

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Rose probably ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called ________.

Salivary glands secrete amylase,an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.