Question 1

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

Accepted Answer

CCK (cholecystokinin) is a hormone that is released by the small intestine in response to food intake and helps to reduce hunger. Stimulating the production or release of CCK could help in reducing hunger and thus aid in weight loss efforts. Polyesterase and aldosterone are not related to hunger and ghrelin is a hormone that increases hunger, so it would not be a good target for this medication.

Question 2

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue and is involved in regulating energy intake and expenditure. It signals the brain to reduce appetite and increase metabolism when fat stores are sufficient, making it a potential target for medication development to reduce hunger in obese individuals. Ghrelin, on the other hand, stimulates hunger and would not be a viable target for hunger-reducing medication development. Aldosterone and ADH are hormones involved in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance and would not be relevant to hunger regulation.

Question 3

Darlene is a 5′ 2′′,23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds.To lose weight,she's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.She would like to try a surgical weight loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible.Her physician is likely to recommend ________.

Accepted Answer

The surgical weight loss method described in the scenario is adjustable gastric banding, which is a procedure where a band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to limit the amount of food that can be eaten. It is a reversible procedure and does not involve the use of staples. The other options given, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric resection, and gastric bypass procedure, all involve removal or rerouting of a portion of the stomach and are not reversible.

Question 4

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to block the production,release,or action of ________.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates hunger. By blocking the production, release, or action of ghrelin, the medication can reduce feelings of hunger and help obese people lose weight. Insulin and leptin are hormones that regulate metabolism and energy storage, but they do not directly stimulate hunger. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not directly related to hunger control.

Question 5

Barry is a 25-year-old man who weighs 222 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is his estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

Accepted Answer

The simple "rule of thumb" method estimates basal energy needs using the formula of 10-12 kcal per pound of body weight. So for Barry, his estimated basal energy needs would be between 2220 and 2664 kcal per day. Taking the average of those two numbers gives an estimated basal energy needs of 2442 kcal per day, which is closest to choice C (2424 kcal).

Question 6

A person who has a "thrifty metabolism" _____ when compared to a person who does not have a thrifty metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A person with a thrifty metabolism has a tendency to gain weight more easily than a person without a thrifty metabolism. This is because they are more efficient at storing excess energy as fat, which was an advantageous trait for survival during times of food scarcity in ancient human populations.

Question 7

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

Accepted Answer

A pound of body fat provides about 3500 kcal. This means that in order to lose one pound of body fat, a person must create a deficit of 3500 kcal either through diet and/or exercise.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that regulates hunger and satiety by reducing hunger. Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates hunger, not an enzyme that breaks down fat. People with "thrifty" metabolisms burn less fat per hour than other people, making them more prone to weight gain. Satiety is the feeling of fullness that inhibits eating, not the feeling that drives a person to consume food.

Question 9

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds.The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The most effective way for Consuela to lose 10 pounds is to decrease her usual daily energy intake. This can be achieved through a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity, such as reducing portion sizes, swapping high-calorie foods for lower calorie options, and increasing her daily activity level. Increasing her vitamin D or essential fatty acid intake will not directly lead to weight loss, and decreasing her physical activity could have negative health consequences.

Question 10

Dennis wants to gain weight,primarily as lean tissue.In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly,he should ________.

Accepted Answer

The best choice for Dennis to gain weight primarily as lean tissue is to add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil. These foods will provide him with essential vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats and carbohydrates that his body needs to build lean tissue. Increasing his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eating more complex carbohydrates, and taking a multivitamin/multimineral supplement may also be beneficial, but the emphasis should be on adding nutrient-dense foods to his diet. Avoiding aerobic activities on non-weightlifting days and eating 50% of total calories from saturated fat are not recommended for overall health and wellness. Supplementing his diet with essential amino acids and limiting his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories are not necessary or advisable for someone looking to gain lean tissue.

Question 11

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

Accepted Answer

Peptide YY is a hormone that is released in response to food intake and plays a role in reducing appetite and promoting feelings of fullness. Therefore, stimulating the production, release, or action of peptide YY could help reduce hunger and aid in weight loss. Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates salt and water balance and is not directly involved in hunger. Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite and would not be useful in reducing hunger. Salivary amylase is an enzyme that begins the digestive process in the mouth and is not directly involved in hunger.

Question 12

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

Accepted Answer

A person is in a state of negative energy balance when they are consuming fewer calories than they are expending. Option B indicates a 22-year-old man who is losing weight, indicating that he is in a state of negative energy balance. Option A suggests weight maintenance, which does not indicate whether the person is in positive or negative energy balance. Option C only mentions weightlifting and BMI, which do not provide enough information to determine the person's energy balance. Option D mentions physical activity and being healthy, but does not provide enough information about caloric intake and expenditure to determine energy balance.

Question 13

Mandy is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 154 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

Accepted Answer

The "rule of thumb" method for estimating basal energy needs is approximately 10 kcal per pound of body weight per day. For Mandy, who weighs 154 pounds, her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs would be 154 pounds x 10 kcal/pound/day = 1540 kcal/day. The closest option to this calculation is 1512 kcal, making option C the correct choice.

Question 14

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds.According to this information,her program ________.

Accepted Answer

Option C is the correct choice as it mentions that Erin's weight loss program includes regular physical activity. The other options are incorrect as they suggest unsafe or unhealthy methods for weight loss. Option A suggests the use of ephedra, which is a dangerous supplement that has been linked to serious health complications. Option B suggests a reduction in metabolic rate, which can lead to numerous health problems. Option D suggests an extremely low daily calorie intake, which can also lead to health complications.

Question 15

Terry is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

Accepted Answer

The simple "rule of thumb" method for estimating basal energy needs is to multiply the individual's weight in pounds by 10. Therefore, Terry's estimated basal energy needs would be 132 x 10 = 1320 calories per day. However, since Terry is a young adult, we need to add an additional 20% to this estimate, which would give us 1320 x 1.2 = 1584 calories per day. Since Terry's estimated basal energy needs are for 24 hours, we divide 1584 by 24 to get her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs, which is approximately 66 calories per hour. Rounded to the nearest hundred, this is 1300 calories per day or 1296 kcal. Therefore, the correct answer is B) 1296 kcal.

Question 16

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.

Accepted Answer

Bariatric surgery, such as gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy or adjustable gastric banding, is a procedure that reduces the size of the stomach and limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time. Colonoscopy is a procedure to examine the colon for abnormalities, liposuction is a cosmetic surgery to remove fat from specific areas of the body, and stomachectomy is not a recognized medical procedure.

Question 17

Bill is a 5′ 9′′,40-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds.To lose weight,he's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.Bill's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help Bill lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

Accepted Answer

Given Bill's history of trying multiple weight loss methods without success, and his significant weight and BMI, gastric bypass surgery may be the best option for him. This surgery involves reducing the size of the stomach and rerouting the digestive system to limit the amount of food that can be eaten and absorbed. It has been shown to be effective for long-term weight loss and improvement of related health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure. However, it is important to note that surgery is a serious undertaking and should be carefully considered and discussed with a doctor. Choices B, C, and D are not appropriate recommendations for weight loss in this case - hypothalamectomy involves removing part of the hypothalamus in the brain and is not a standard weight loss treatment; liposuction only removes fat from specific areas and is not a solution for overall weight loss; and frontal lobotomy is a historical and controversial surgical procedure that is no longer used.

Question 18

Mandy is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 64 kg.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

Accepted Answer

The simple "rule of thumb" method for estimating basal energy needs is to multiply weight in kilograms by 30. Therefore, in this case, Mandy's estimated basal energy needs would be 64 kg x 30 = 1920 kcal. However, as she is a 22-year-old woman, we need to adjust this estimate by multiplying by a factor of 0.9, giving us an estimate of 1920 kcal x 0.9 = 1728 kcal. Rounding this to the nearest 100 gives us an estimated basal energy need of 1382 kcal. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 19

George is a 5′ 8′′,29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds.To lose weight,he's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity.George's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

Accepted Answer

The sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure in which a large portion of the stomach is removed, leaving a sleeve-shaped section. This reduces the amount of food the patient can eat and also reduces the production of ghrelin, which is a hormone that stimulates hunger. This has been found to be an effective treatment for obesity, and can result in significant weight loss and improvement in conditions associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. Compared to other weight-loss surgeries, it is less invasive and has a lower risk of complications. Therefore, George's physician is likely to recommend sleeve gastrectomy as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

Question 20

Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?

Accepted Answer

A person is in a state of positive energy balance when their energy intake from food exceeds their energy expenditure. In this case, the only person who is likely in a state of positive energy balance is the pregnant woman (choice D). Pregnancy requires additional energy to support the growth and development of the fetus, so this woman's energy intake is likely higher than her energy expenditure. Choices A, B, and C all suggest either maintenance or loss of weight, which is not indicative of positive energy balance.

Quiz 10: Energy Balance and Weight Control

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to block the production,release,or action of ________.

Barry is a 25-year-old man who weighs 222 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is his estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A person who has a "thrifty metabolism" _____ when compared to a person who does not have a thrifty metabolism.

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

Which of the following statements is true?

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds.The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

Dennis wants to gain weight,primarily as lean tissue.In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly,he should ________.

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

Mandy is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 154 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds.According to this information,her program ________.

Terry is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.

Mandy is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 64 kg.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?