Question 1

The central nervous system disorder characterized by seizures (massive neuronal discharges)and,when motor pathways are affected,convulsions (involuntary muscle contractions)is

Accepted Answer

Epilepsy is the central nervous system disorder characterized by seizures and, when motor pathways are affected, convulsions. Huntington's chorea is a genetic disorder that causes progressive degeneration of brain cells, while migraine headaches are characterized by severe headaches and can be accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light or sound. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior, while cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone.

Question 2

Disruption of the blood supply causing death of parts of the brain also causes the group of clinical conditions referred to as

Accepted Answer

Disruption of the blood supply to the brain resulting in death of brain tissue is characteristic of a cerebrovascular accident, also known as a stroke. A myocardial infarction (a heart attack) affects the heart muscle, senile dementia is a type of dementia associated with aging, Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system, and multiple sclerosis is a disease of the nervous system in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.

Question 3

The limbic system

Accepted Answer

The limbic system includes the olfactory cortex and portions of the diencephalon and portions of the cerebrum, influences emotions, motivation and mood, is functionally associated with the hypothalamus, and initiates responses necessary for survival, such as hunger and thirst. Therefore, all of these properties apply to the limbic system.

Question 4

Why is it not normally possible for action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron to produce an action potential in the presynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials typically travel in one direction, from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron, due to the specialized structures and molecular mechanisms at the synapse. The axon terminals of presynaptic neurons are designed to release neurotransmitters (like acetylcholine) into the synaptic cleft, not to receive them, hence they lack acetylcholine receptors. This unidirectional communication ensures the precise control of neural signaling pathways.

Question 5

The ________ is the efferent subdivision that transmits impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle.

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is responsible for transmitting motor signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles, allowing for conscious voluntary movement. The other options listed do not specifically relate to the transmission of impulses to skeletal muscles.

Question 6

The right cerebral hemisphere (in most people)

Accepted Answer

The right cerebral hemisphere controls the activity of and receives sensory input from the left side of the body, a function known as contralateral control. The left cerebral hemisphere is typically considered the analytical half of the cerebrum and contains the language centers. While the right hemisphere may have a slightly larger volume and mass than the left hemisphere in some people, this is not universally true. Therefore, choice E is incorrect.

Question 7

The ________ consists of nerves,receptors,ganglia,and synapses outside the CNS.

Accepted Answer

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system consists of nerves, receptors, ganglia, and synapses outside the central nervous system. It is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the periphery to the CNS. The other choices refer to specific parts of the nervous system: the central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system control involuntary functions.

Question 8

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is characterized by having postganglionic cell bodies located in chain ganglia or collateral ganglia. This is a key feature distinguishing it from the parasympathetic division.

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the _____ in the ventricles,and passes back into the blood through the _____.

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the choroid plexus in the ventricles and is reabsorbed into the blood through the arachnoid granulations.

Question 10

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are characteristics of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

The ventricles of the brain

Accepted Answer

The ventricles of the brain consist of four cavities. They are not filled with air but with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although there are lateral ventricles, there is only one third ventricle and one fourth ventricle. The cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles, not the first and second ventricles.

Question 12

An individual has a severed corpus callosum.If directed to find an object with his left hand,without looking,

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate. If it is severed, information processed in one hemisphere (in this case, the right hemisphere, which controls the left hand) cannot be easily transferred to the other (in this case, the left hemisphere, which is primarily responsible for language in most people). Therefore, the individual could find the object using the left hand (controlled by the right hemisphere) but would struggle to verbally identify it because the language-processing left hemisphere does not receive the information.

Question 13

Roger Romeo,always the confident and self-assured man-about-campus,is dismayed to find that every time he smells the perfume his first girlfriend wore,he gets tears in his eyes and a lump in his throat.What is the most likely physiological explanation for this involuntary response?

Accepted Answer

The mammillary bodies in the hypothalamus are known to be involved in strong reflexive physical and emotional responses to odors and memories. This could explain why Roger Romeo experiences tears and a lump in his throat upon smelling the perfume of his first girlfriend.

Question 14

A space within the dura mater that collects blood from the small veins of the brain is called

Accepted Answer

The dural venous sinuses are spaces within the dura mater that collect blood from the small veins of the brain. The epidural space is between the skull and dura mater, the subarachnoid space is between the arachnoid and pia mater, the arachnoid layer is a delicate layer of the meninges, and the meningeal space is not a recognized anatomical term.

Question 15

Basal nuclei

Accepted Answer

Basal nuclei, also known as basal ganglia, consist of two main structures: the corpus striatum (which includes the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus) and the substantia nigra. These structures are involved in planning, organizing, and coordinating motor movements, as well as cognitive and emotional functions. Basal nuclei are linked with the thalamus and cerebral cortex to regulate motor activity. Therefore, all of the choices mentioned are correct.

Question 16

Which of these nerves is NOT a branch of the brachial plexus?

Accepted Answer

Although the phrenic nerve arises from the cervical plexus, it is not a branch of the brachial plexus. The axillary, radial, ulnar, and median nerves are all branches of the brachial plexus that innervate the upper limb.

Question 17

Chuck Wildlee,a baseball pitcher,was struck on the head by a line drive hit by Charley Hussel.Fortunately,Chuck was not seriously injured,but when he was revived,he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had.This was because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chuck Wildlee,a baseball pitcher,was struck on the...

Question 18

The _________ consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord, which function together to receive and process sensory information and initiate motor responses. The CNS is responsible for integrating and coordinating all body functions, including thoughts and emotions.

Question 19

The thickest and most superficial of the meninges is the

Accepted Answer

The thickest and most superficial of the meninges is the dura mater. The arachnoid layer is thinner and located below the dura mater, while the pia mater is the thinnest and located closest to the brain. The choroid plexus and dural sinus are not part of the meninges.

Question 20

The cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is primarily involved in balance, maintenance of muscle tone, and coordination of fine motor movement. It does not have gyri or sulci and is not an agonist. While alcohol can affect the cerebellum, it does not stimulate it in a beneficial way.

Quiz 8: Nervous System

The central nervous system disorder characterized by seizures (massive neuronal discharges) and,when motor pathways are affected,convulsions (involuntary muscle contractions) is