Question 1

Occurrences of premature junctional contractions are often life-threatening.

Accepted Answer

Premature junctional contractions are usually benign and do not pose any major risk to the patient's life. However, in certain cases, they can be a sign of an underlying heart condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Question 2

When the junctional firing rate exceeds 100 beats per minute,it is referred to as:
A) accelerated junctional.
B) junctional tachycardia.
C) junctional escape.
D) junctional bradycardia.

Accepted Answer

When the firing rate exceeds 100 beats per minute in the AV junction, it is referred to as junctional tachycardia. This is because the normal range for junctional firing is 40-60 beats per minute. Accelerated junctional refers to a rate between 60-100 beats per minute. Junctional escape refers to a backup pacemaker firing when the sinus node is unable to generate a normal rhythm. Junctional bradycardia refers to a rate less than 40 beats per minute in the AV junction.

Question 3

A rhythm that has increased automaticity in the AV junction,causing the junction to discharge impulses at a rate faster than its intrinsic rate,is called:
A) tachycardic junctional.
B) supraventricular junctional.
C) accelerated junctional rhythm.
D) junctional reentry.

Accepted Answer

An accelerated junctional rhythm is a rhythm that originates in the AV junction and has a rate of 60-100 bpm, which is faster than the junction's intrinsic rate. It is called "accelerated" because the automaticity of the junction has increased, leading to a faster discharge of impulses. Option A is incorrect because "tachycardic junctional" is not a recognized term. Option B is incorrect because "supraventricular junctional" would refer to any junctional rhythm that originates above the ventricles, and not necessarily one that has increased automaticity. Option D is incorrect because "junctional reentry" refers to a specific mechanism of arrhythmia formation, which may or may not result in an accelerated junctional rhythm.

Question 4

Junctional escape rhythm is sometimes called a junctional bradycardia when the rate falls below:
A) 70 BPM.
B) 60 BPM.
C) 40 BPM.
D) 50 BPM.

Accepted Answer

Junctional escape rhythm is termed junctional bradycardia when the heart rate falls below 40 BPM.

Question 5

The direction of the "P" wave in a junctional rhythm most often has a(n)________ deflection from the isoelectric line.
A) positive
B) negative
C) antigrade
D) neutral

Accepted Answer

In a junctional rhythm, the P wave is typically inverted or negative because the electrical impulse is originating from the AV node or lower in the atria, causing a retrograde depolarization of the atria.

Question 6

When a patient is having complaints such as shortness of breath,chest pain,low blood pressure,etc.,these are referred to as:
A) parasymptomatic.
B) noncompliant.
C) symptomatic.
D) asymptomatic.

Accepted Answer

The term symptomatic refers to the presence of symptoms or complaints, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or low blood pressure. Parasymptomatic and noncompliant are not correct terms to describe the patient's condition. Asymptomatic means the absence of symptoms.

Question 7

________ rhythms are those that are initiated in the area of the AV junction.
A) Atrioventricular
B) Ventricular
C) Depolarized
D) Junctional

Accepted Answer

Junctional rhythms are those that originate in or around the AV (atrioventricular) junction.

Question 8

Which of the following can cause junctional escape beats or junctional escape rhythm?
A) SA node disease
B) Certain cardiac drugs
C) Hypoxia
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above options can cause junctional escape beats or junctional escape rhythm. SA node disease can cause the SA node to fail to depolarize, allowing the AV node or another part of the atria to take over control of the heart rhythm, resulting in junctional escape. Certain cardiac drugs like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers can depress the SA node's function, leading to junctional escape. Hypoxia can also cause the SA node to function inadequately, prompting a junctional escape rhythm.

Question 9

When the SA node fails to generate an impulse or the rate of impulse generation falls below that of the AV node,the resulting rhythm is called a:
A) premature junction complex rhythm.
B) junctional atrial rhythm.
C) junctional tachycardia rhythm.
D) junctional escape rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A junctional escape rhythm occurs when the SA node fails to generate an impulse or the rate of impulse generation falls below that of the AV node. This results in the AV node taking over as the primary pacemaker, producing a slower and less regular rhythm. Premature junction complex rhythm, junctional atrial rhythm, and junctional tachycardia rhythm all involve abnormal electrical activity in the atrioventricular junction, but they do not necessarily involve failure of the SA node.

Question 10

The intrinsic firing rate of the AV junction is:
A) 60 to 100 BPM.
B) 10 to 20 BPM.
C) 100 to 160 BPM.
D) 40 to 60 BPM.

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic firing rate of the AV (Atrioventricular) junction is 40 to 60 beats per minute (BPM). This rate is observed when the AV junction acts as the primary pacemaker of the heart, typically in scenarios where the sinoatrial (SA) node is not functioning properly.

Question 11

In the junctional rhythm,the electrical impulse is most often traveling away from the ________ electrode.
A) positive
B) negative
C) ground
D) unipolor

Accepted Answer

In the junctional rhythm, the electrical impulse is most often initiated in the atrioventricular junction, which is located between the atria and ventricles. The impulse then travels in a retrograde direction (from the ventricles towards the atria) before activating the atria and causing them to contract. As a result, the electrical activity is typically recorded as a negative deflection on an ECG lead that is placed on the atrial side of the junction (i.e. a lead that is positive with respect to the ventricles). Therefore, the electrical impulse is most often traveling away from the positive electrode.

Question 12

When the electrical impulses travel in a backward direction,this is known as:
A) retrograde.
B) postgrade.
C) multigrade.
D) antigrade.

Accepted Answer

"Retrograde" means going in a backward direction or moving from the end of something towards the beginning. Thus, when the electrical impulses travel in a backward direction, they are said to be retrograde.

Question 13

A pause that occurs after an ectopic beat in which the SA node is unaffected and the cadence of the heart is uninterrupted is called:
A) atrial pause.
B) noncompensatory pause.
C) junctional pause.
D) compensatory pause.

Accepted Answer

A compensatory pause is a pause that follows an ectopic beat, but the SA node is unaffected and the rhythm of the heart is uninterrupted. The pause is called compensatory because it compensates for the extra beat that occurred with the ectopic beat. Atrial pause refers to a pause caused by the absence of an atrial beat, noncompensatory pause is a pause that occurs after an ectopic beat in which the SA node is affected, and junctional pause refers to a pause caused by a delay in the electrical signal through the AV node.

Question 14

A ________ rhythm is one that is observed to start and/or end abruptly.
A) premature
B) paradoxical
C) paroxysmal
D) pathologic

Accepted Answer

Paroxysmal rhythm refers to a sudden, abrupt onset and/or termination of a rhythm. Premature, paradoxical, and pathologic rhythms do not necessarily have this characteristic.

Question 15

A pause that causes the underlying rhythm to be interrupted is:
A) compensatory.
B) supraventricular.
C) junctional.
D) noncompensatory.

Accepted Answer

A pause that causes the underlying rhythm to be interrupted is known as a noncompensatory pause. This type of pause is not compensated for by an earlier or later beat and can result in symptoms such as dizziness or fainting. Choices A, B, and C are not relevant to the definition of a pause that interrupts the rhythm.

Quiz 9: Introducing the Junctional Rhythms

Occurrences of premature junctional contractions are often life-threatening.

When the junctional firing rate exceeds 100 beats per minute,it is referred to as:

A rhythm that has increased automaticity in the AV junction,causing the junction to discharge impulses at a rate faster than its intrinsic rate,is called:

Junctional escape rhythm is sometimes called a junctional bradycardia when the rate falls below:

The direction of the "P" wave in a junctional rhythm most often has a(n) ________ deflection from the isoelectric line.

When a patient is having complaints such as shortness of breath,chest pain,low blood pressure,etc.,these are referred to as:

________ rhythms are those that are initiated in the area of the AV junction.

Which of the following can cause junctional escape beats or junctional escape rhythm?

When the SA node fails to generate an impulse or the rate of impulse generation falls below that of the AV node,the resulting rhythm is called a:

The intrinsic firing rate of the AV junction is:

In the junctional rhythm,the electrical impulse is most often traveling away from the ________ electrode.

When the electrical impulses travel in a backward direction,this is known as:

A pause that occurs after an ectopic beat in which the SA node is unaffected and the cadence of the heart is uninterrupted is called:

A ________ rhythm is one that is observed to start and/or end abruptly.

A pause that causes the underlying rhythm to be interrupted is: