Question 1

Genes are located on ________.
A)chromosomes
B)the cytoplasm
C)mitosis
D)the centromere

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, which are the structures that carry an individual's genetic information. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins and are located in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 2

What specifically separates during anaphase of mitosis?
A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)The cytoplasm
D)The genome

Accepted Answer

During anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell. Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I of meiosis. The cytoplasm does not separate until the end of mitosis during cytokinesis. The genome as a whole does not separate during anaphase, but the individual chromosomes (which make up the genome) do separate.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?
A)Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms
B)Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves
C)Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split
D)Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of events during mitosis starts with the dissolution of the nuclear membrane, followed by the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, the separation of sister chromatids, and finally, the reformation of the nuclear membrane around the separated chromatids.

Question 4

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.
A)centromere
B)gene
C)chromatin
D)genome

Accepted Answer

Chromatin refers to the combination of DNA and its associated proteins (such as histones) that make up the genetic material of eukaryotic cells. The other choices are not correct: 
A) A centromere is a specific region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are held together before cell division.
B) A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or RNA molecule.
D) A genome is the complete set of genetic material (usually DNA) in an organism.

Question 5

When one cell goes through cell division, it produces ________.
A)two identical cells
B)two different cells
C)four identical cells
D)four different cells

Accepted Answer

During cell division, a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 6

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.
A)fertilization
B)binary fission
C)meiosis
D)mitosis

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. It is responsible for the growth and repair of tissues in our body by replacing dead or damaged cells. Fertilization refers to the union of gametes, binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms, and meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes. None of these processes are involved in the replacement of dead or damaged cells.

Question 7

Chromosomes are often represented as an X, with two sister chromatids attached at the centromere.Do chromosomes always look like an X?
A)Yes, chromosomes are always made up of two sister chromatids attached.
B)No, chromosomes only look like an X when condensed, but they always have two sister chromatids attached.
C)No, chromosomes only look like an X following DNA replication, and before cell division; the rest of the time, they only have one sister chromatid each.
D)No, chromosomes only look like an X right after cell division; the rest of the time, they have only one sister chromatid each.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes only take on the X shape after DNA replication, when each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Before replication, chromosomes consist of a single chromatid and do not have the X shape. This X shape is maintained until the sister chromatids are separated during cell division.

Question 8

When does the cell plate form during cell division?
A)In the middle of animal cell mitosis
B)In the middle of plant cell mitosis
C)At the completion of animal cell mitosis
D)At the completion of plant cell mitosis

Accepted Answer

The cell plate forms during cytokinesis at the end of mitosis in plant cells, helping to divide the cell into two daughter cells.

Question 9

What are attached at the centromere?
A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)Daughter cells
D)Genomes

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are the replicated copies of a single chromosome that are attached to each other at the centromere. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different versions of those genes. Daughter cells are the two cells that result from the division of one parent cell. Genomes are the complete set of DNA in an organism.

Question 10

Cells spend most of their lives in ________.
A)mitosis
B)meiosis
C)interphase
D)chromosome duplication

Accepted Answer

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell spends the most time, during which it grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out normal cellular functions. Mitosis and meiosis are both short phases of the cell cycle that occur during interphase. Chromosome duplication occurs during interphase as a part of DNA replication.

Question 11

What happens during cytokinesis?
A)The sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.
B)The sister chromatids split apart and go to opposite sides of the cell.
C)The cytoplasm replicates itself to be distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis.
D)The cytoplasm is split and distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis.

Accepted Answer

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm is split and distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis. This is the final stage of cell division, where the two daughter cells are fully separated and become independent cells. Options A and B describe the process of mitosis, specifically the metaphase and anaphase stages. Option C is not accurate as the cytoplasm does not replicate but rather divides during cytokinesis.

Question 12

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?
A)All cells of the body except gametes (i.e., only somatic cells)
B)Gametes
C)Both somatic cells of the body and gametes
D)Neither somatic cells of the body nor gametes

Accepted Answer

Gametes (sperm and egg cells) do not undergo mitosis. Instead, they undergo a specialized type of cell division called meiosis, which results in the formation of haploid gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. All other cells in the body, including somatic cells, undergo mitosis for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged or dead cells.

Question 13

What is cytokinesis?
A)The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA
B)The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA
C)The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA
D)The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis is the stage of the cell cycle that comes after mitosis or meiosis, during which the cytoplasm of the cell is divided into two daughter cells, each containing a nucleus with a copy of the genetic material from the parent cell. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A refers to G1 phase, B refers to the mitotic phase and C refers to S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 14

The offspring produced via asexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.
A)indifferent
B)identical
C)parsimonious
D)unique

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction involves only one parent, where the offspring are produced through mitotic cell division. As a result, the genetic material of the offspring is identical to that of the parent, making them genetically identical or "clones." Therefore, Choice B, identical, is the correct answer.

Question 15

Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?
A)Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.
B)Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism's complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.
C)No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.
D)It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

Accepted Answer

The number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism does not necessarily indicate the complexity of the organism. For example, a fern has approximately 480 chromosomes while a human has only 46 chromosomes, yet most would consider a human to be more complex than a fern. Therefore, the number of chromosomes is not a reliable indicator of complexity.

Question 16

Cell theory states that ________.
A)cells can be created from sexual reproduction or from asexual reproduction
B)all life is made up of cells, and cells arise from preexisting cells
C)cells come from non-cell entities
D)cells go through the process of cell division

Accepted Answer

The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells and that new cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division. This means that cells cannot be created from non-cellular material or from a combination of sexual and asexual reproduction.

Question 17

How many chromosomes and chromatics would a typical human cell have after duplication but before mitosis?
A)23 chromosomes, 23 sister chromatids
B)23 chromosomes, 46 sister chromatids
C)46 chromosomes, 46 sister chromatids
D)46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids

Accepted Answer

After duplication, a typical human cell would have 46 chromosomes (since DNA replication has already occurred), but each chromosome would have duplicated into two identical sister chromatids. Therefore, the cell would have 46 x 2 = 92 sister chromatids.

Question 18

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?
A)Interphase
B)Mitosis
C)Meiosis
D)Cytokinesis

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are duplicated during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, which is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell is growing and preparing to divide. Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle where the duplicated chromosomes are separated and divided into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells to produce gametes, and involves two rounds of division to create cells with half the number of chromosomes. Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle, where the cell divides into two daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis.

Question 19

Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) ________.
A)zygote
B)gamete
C)embryo
D)gonad

Accepted Answer

The fusion of egg and sperm during fertilization results in the formation of a zygote, which is the first cell of a new individual. Gametes are specialized reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that have half the number of chromosomes as a typical body cell. An embryo is the term used for the developing organism after the zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division. Gonads are the reproductive organs (testes in males and ovaries in females) that produce gametes.

Question 20

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words, have more than one nucleus).How many chromosomes would be present in a human white blood cell with two nuclei?
A)46
B)92
C)184
D)It varies depending on gender.

Accepted Answer

Each nucleus in a human white blood cell would have 46 chromosomes, so a cell with two nuclei would have a total of 92 chromosomes.

Quiz 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Genes are located on ________.

What specifically separates during anaphase of mitosis?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.

When one cell goes through cell division, it produces ________.

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.

Chromosomes are often represented as an X, with two sister chromatids attached at the centromere.Do chromosomes always look like an X?

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

What are attached at the centromere?

Cells spend most of their lives in ________.

What happens during cytokinesis?

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?

What is cytokinesis?

The offspring produced via asexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.

Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?

Cell theory states that ________.

How many chromosomes and chromatics would a typical human cell have after duplication but before mitosis?

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) ________.

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words, have more than one nucleus) .How many chromosomes would be present in a human white blood cell with two nuclei?