Question 1

A patient with AIDS decides to enter therapy. He explains that the therapist helps him in ways his friends and family cannot. Specifically, his therapist helps him find ways to cope with the disorder and understand it. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The therapist's help in coping with the disorder and understanding it falls under informational support, which involves providing information, guidance, and advice to help the individual manage their situation.

Question 2

A study of post-menopausal women conducted by O'Donovan and colleagues (2009) found that pessimistic explanatory style is associated with

Accepted Answer

Pessimistic explanatory style is linked to reduced cell-mediated immunity, which can affect the body's ability to fight off illnesses.

Question 3

Coping efforts center on

Accepted Answer

Coping efforts involve all of these factors. Maintaining a positive self-image, reducing harmful environmental conditions and enhancing the prospects of recovery, maintaining emotional equilibrium, and continuing satisfying relationships with others are all important aspects of coping with difficult situations. Different individuals may prioritize these factors differently based on their individual needs and circumstances.

Question 4

One of the most potent external resources with respect to health is

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the most potent external resources...

Question 5

Invisible social support

Accepted Answer

Invisible social support refers to the support that is provided without the recipient being aware of it, which can help reduce stress without the potential negative effects of feeling dependent or obligated.

Question 6

According to the buffering hypothesis,

Accepted Answer

The buffering hypothesis suggests that individual resources (such as social support, coping skills, and resilience) have little effect on coping with low levels of stress but become important at high levels of stress. In other words, when stressors are mild, everyone is likely to cope well, regardless of their individual resources. However, as stress levels increase, individuals with more resources will cope better than those with fewer resources. This is because resources can act as a buffer or protective factor against the negative effects of stress, allowing individuals to maintain their psychological and physical well-being under high levels of stress. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 7

People who are higher in socio-economic status (SES) show

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people with a higher socio-economic status (SES) tend to have a lower morbidity for medical and psychiatric disorders, lower mortality from all causes of death, reduced neuroendocrine responses to stress, and better access to social support systems in general. Therefore, all of these options are shown in people with a higher level SES.

Question 8

_______________ involves the provision of services, financial assistance, or goods.

Accepted Answer

Tangible assistance refers to the provision of services, financial assistance, or goods.

Question 9

The assurance that one is a valuable individual who is cared for is

Accepted Answer

Emotional support provides the assurance of being a valuable individual who is cared for. Emotional support includes providing love, empathy, and sympathy, and it is vital for maintaining mental and emotional well-being.

Question 10

The belief that one can determine one's own internal states and behaviour, influence one's environment, and/or bring about desired outcomes is

Accepted Answer

Perceived control refers to the belief that one can influence their environment and outcomes, which aligns with the description given.

Question 11

When a supportive companion is present during a stressful situation, research has shown a subdued HPA axis response in participants. This is thought to be due to:

Accepted Answer

The release of oxytocin during the presence of a supportive companion has been shown to reduce the HPA axis response in stressful situations. Oxytocin is known as the "cuddle hormone" and is linked to social bonding and stress regulation.

Question 12

Research investigating the effectiveness of avoidant and approach coping strategies suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that approach coping strategies may be more effective for dealing with long-term stressors while avoidant strategies may provide short-term relief but can lead to negative long-term outcomes. Approach copers may experience short-term anxiety due to confronting the stressor, but ultimately they are better equipped to manage stress in the long run.

Question 13

Treating oneself with kindness, feeling connected with humanity, and being mindfully aware of distressing experiences are qualities of one with

Accepted Answer

Treating oneself with kindness, feeling connected with humanity, and being mindfully aware of distressing experiences are qualities of self-compassion.

Question 14

Psychological control has been related to

Accepted Answer

Psychological control is generally associated with negative outcomes, not positive ones like emotional well-being, successful coping, improved immune functioning, or increased self-efficacy. Therefore, none of the options A-D are correct, and E is incorrect as well.

Question 15

High self-esteem has been related to

Accepted Answer

The answer of High self-esteem has been related to
...

Question 16

Brissette, Scheier, and Carver (2002) found that university students who were optimists coped more effectively with the transition to university because they were more likely to use _______________ as a coping strategy.

Accepted Answer

The study found that optimists coped more effectively with the transition to university because they were more likely to seek social support as a coping strategy.

Question 17

Social support has beneficial effects on the

Accepted Answer

Social support has been found to have beneficial effects on all of the systems listed, including the cardiovascular system (lowering blood pressure and reducing risk of heart disease), endocrine system (lowering stress hormones like cortisol), immune system (strengthening immune function), and psychological distress of the individual (reducing anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of mental health issues). Therefore, all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 18

Implicit social support

Accepted Answer

All of these options are related to implicit social support. Implicit social support involves having access to a network of individuals who can provide support without being directly targeted at a specific problem. It is associated with more psychological and biological benefits for Asian Americans compared to explicit social support. Receiving support from the network without actively seeking it out is also part of implicit social support. Additionally, simply knowing that you have a social network that you can rely upon if there were a stressful event is a form of implicit social support.

Question 19

Emotion-focused efforts would be most effective in coping with the worry and stress due to

Accepted Answer

Emotion-focused coping strategies are most effective for situations where the source of stress cannot be changed or controlled, such as waiting for a decision on a graduate school application. It involves managing emotions that arise in response to stressful situations, rather than trying to directly deal with the problem causing the stress.

Question 20

Information from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and part of a network of communication and mutual obligation is called

Accepted Answer

Social support refers to the informational, emotional, and instrumental resources provided by others. It includes the feeling of being loved and cared for, as well as a sense of belonging to a social network.

Quiz 7: Coping, Resilience, and Social Support