Question 1

The ABO gene is an example of a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

The ABO gene has multiple alleles, meaning there are more than two possible versions of the gene (in this case, A, B, and O). Thus, it is an example of a multiple allele system.

Question 2

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a solid red male was crossed with a solid black female to produce a spotted red puppy, the genotypes of the parents (with male genotype first) would be ____.

Accepted Answer

The solid red male must be homozygous recessive for red (bb) since red is recessive, and must carry at least one dominant allele for solid color (Ss) to express the solid phenotype. The solid black female must carry at least one dominant allele for black (B) and at least one dominant allele for solid (S), but since they produced a spotted red puppy, both must carry the recessive allele for spotted (s) and the female must also carry the recessive allele for red (b) to pass these traits onto their offspring. Therefore, the correct genotypes are bb Ss × Bb Ss.

Question 3

In radishes, red is dominant (RR), white is recessive (rr), and purple color results in heterozygotes (Rr). This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of incomplete dominance, where the heterozygote (Rr) exhibits a phenotype (purple color) that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes (red and white).

Question 4

A heterozygous individual is known as a ____.

Accepted Answer

A heterozygous individual has two different alleles for a particular trait or gene. They are often referred to as hybrids because they have a mix of genetic information from two different sources (i.e. their parents). Purebred individuals have two identical alleles for a particular trait or gene and are homozygous, while recessive and dominant refer to the expression of traits in relation to each other.

Question 5

The primary characteristics of cystic fibrosis include ____.

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. This buildup of mucus can block airways, leading to lung infections, and also affect the digestive system, causing problems with digestion and nutrient absorption. Symptoms can include difficulty breathing, chronic cough, poor growth and weight gain, and salty-tasting skin. Sickling of red blood cells and pain in the extremities are associated with sickle cell anemia, a different genetic disorder. Defective connective tissues can indicate a range of connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Development of malignant cells refers to the growth of cancerous cells, which is not a characteristic of cystic fibrosis. Extreme fever and diarrhea can indicate an infection or gastrointestinal disorder, but are not specific to cystic fibrosis.

Question 6

If two genes are on the same chromosome, ____.

Accepted Answer

Genes on the same chromosome are said to be in the same linkage group. This means that they tend to be inherited together and are less likely to undergo independent assortment. Crossing over does occur between genes on the same chromosome, but it is less frequent than between genes on different chromosomes. Segregation during meiosis also occurs, but it is not affected by whether the genes are on the same chromosome or not. An inversion may or may not occur, depending on whether there has been a chromosomal rearrangement.

Question 7

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that _____.

Accepted Answer

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that the alleles at one gene locus on homologous chromosomes tend to be distributed into gametes independently of alleles at other loci, meaning the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene. This is important for understanding how different traits are inherited and passed down from generation to generation.

Question 8

Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l). Suppose a short-haired animal of unknown genotype is crossed with a long-haired animal and they produce one long-haired and one short-haired offspring. What do these results indicate?

Accepted Answer

The fact that the cross produced both long-haired and short-haired offspring indicates that the short-haired animal must have been heterozygous (Ll) and the long-haired animal must have been homozygous recessive (ll). The offspring inherited one copy of the recessive allele (l) from the long-haired parent and one copy of either the dominant (L) or recessive (l) allele from the short-haired parent. Therefore, the short-haired parent must have had one dominant allele (L) and one recessive allele (l).

Question 9

​In Labrador retrievers, dogs with alleles E and B have black fur. Those with an E and two recessive b alleles have brown fur. Dogs homozygous for the recessive e allele have yellow fur. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of epistasis, where one gene (E) affects the expression of another gene (B) to determine the fur color in Labrador retrievers.

Question 10

In the nineteenth century, most people believed that ____.

Accepted Answer

In the nineteenth century, most people believed in the theory of blending inheritance, which states that the characteristics of parents were blended in the offspring. This theory was later disproved by the work of Gregor Mendel on pea plants, which showed that certain traits were inherited independently of one another.

Question 11

A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is a representation of ____.

Accepted Answer

A bell-shaped curve is indicative of continuous variation, which occurs when there are multiple genes influencing a trait and/or environmental factors affecting the expression of the trait. Incomplete dominance refers to a situation in which the heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype, multiple alleles refer to the presence of more than two forms of a gene in a population, and epistasis refers to the interaction between different genes affecting a single trait. None of these concepts specifically relate to the distribution of phenotypes in a population.

Question 12

​A cross between two individuals identically hybrid for one gene is called a ____ cross.

Accepted Answer

A cross between two individuals identically hybrid for one gene is a monohybrid cross. This means that the two individuals have the same two alleles for that one gene.

Question 13

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a red spotted male was crossed with a black solid female and all the offspring from several crosses were only black and solid, the genotype of the female would be ____.

Accepted Answer

Since all of the offspring were black and solid, the male parent must have contributed a B and an S allele. Therefore, the female parent would have to have a BB genotype and an SS genotype to only produce black and solid offspring.

Question 14

In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (p). A pea plant heterozygous for the flower color trait has ____ flowers.

Accepted Answer

A pea plant that is heterozygous for the flower color trait (Pp) has one dominant allele for purple flowers and one recessive allele for white flowers. Since the dominant allele (P) is expressed over the recessive (p), the pea plant will have purple flowers. Therefore, the answer is A- purple.

Question 15

Coat color in one breed of mice is controlled by incompletely dominant alleles so that yellow and white are homozygous, whereas cream is heterozygous. The cross of two cream individuals will produce ____.

Accepted Answer

In a cross between two cream individuals (heterozygous), the expected offspring ratio according to Mendelian genetics for incomplete dominance is 1:2:1. This means there will be one white (homozygous recessive), two cream (heterozygous), and one yellow (homozygous dominant) for every four offspring, thus resulting in equal numbers of white and yellow mice, with twice as many creams as the other two colors individually.

Question 16

A homozygote contains two _____.

Accepted Answer

A homozygote contains two identical alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes. This means that both copies of the gene in the individual are the same, and there is no variation at that specific location on the chromosome.

Question 17

All of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants assorted into gametes independently, although some were actually located on the same chromosome. Which process separated these genes from each other, allowing for this assortment?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis separates genes located on the same chromosome, allowing for independent assortment of traits.

Question 18

​Which genotype(s) can produce type O blood?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood is produced by having two copies of the O allele (OO genotype). Therefore, only individuals with genotype C (OO) can produce type O blood.

Question 19

According to _____, two alleles at any locus are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis.

Accepted Answer

Mendel's law of segregation states that during meiosis, two alleles at any locus (gene) separate into different gametes. This means that each gamete receives only one of the two alleles from the parent.

Question 20

​Which genotype(s) can produce type A blood?

Accepted Answer

Type A blood can be produced by having either two A alleles (AA) or one A and one O allele (AO). Therefore, individuals with either genotype AA or AO can produce type A blood. Genotype AB produces type AB and genotype BB produces type B blood.

Quiz 13: Patterns in Inherited Traits

The ABO gene is an example of a(n) ____.

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b) , and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s) . If a solid red male was crossed with a solid black female to produce a spotted red puppy, the genotypes of the parents (with male genotype first) would be ____.

In radishes, red is dominant (RR) , white is recessive (rr) , and purple color results in heterozygotes (Rr) . This is an example of ____.

A heterozygous individual is known as a ____.

The primary characteristics of cystic fibrosis include ____.

If two genes are on the same chromosome, ____.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that _____.

Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l) . Suppose a short-haired animal of unknown genotype is crossed with a long-haired animal and they produce one long-haired and one short-haired offspring. What do these results indicate?

In Labrador retrievers, dogs with alleles E and B have black fur. Those with an E and two recessive b alleles have brown fur. Dogs homozygous for the recessive e allele have yellow fur. This is an example of _____.

In the nineteenth century, most people believed that ____.

A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is a representation of ____.

A cross between two individuals identically hybrid for one gene is called a ____ cross.

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b) , and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s) . If a red spotted male was crossed with a black solid female and all the offspring from several crosses were only black and solid, the genotype of the female would be ____.

In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (p) . A pea plant heterozygous for the flower color trait has ____ flowers.

Coat color in one breed of mice is controlled by incompletely dominant alleles so that yellow and white are homozygous, whereas cream is heterozygous. The cross of two cream individuals will produce ____.

A homozygote contains two _____.

All of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants assorted into gametes independently, although some were actually located on the same chromosome. Which process separated these genes from each other, allowing for this assortment?

Which genotype(s) can produce type O blood?

According to _____, two alleles at any locus are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis.

Which genotype(s) can produce type A blood?

Quiz 13: Patterns in Inherited Traits

The ABO gene is an example of a(n) ____.

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b) , and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s) . If a solid red male was crossed with a solid black female to produce a spotted red puppy, the genotypes of the parents (with male genotype first) would be ____.

In radishes, red is dominant (RR) , white is recessive (rr) , and purple color results in heterozygotes (Rr) . This is an example of ____.

A heterozygous individual is known as a ____.

The primary characteristics of cystic fibrosis include ____.

If two genes are on the same chromosome, ____.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that _____.

Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l) . Suppose a short-haired animal of unknown genotype is crossed with a long-haired animal and they produce one long-haired and one short-haired offspring. What do these results indicate?

​In Labrador retrievers, dogs with alleles E and B have black fur. Those with an E and two recessive b alleles have brown fur. Dogs homozygous for the recessive e allele have yellow fur. This is an example of _____.

In the nineteenth century, most people believed that ____.

A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is a representation of ____.

​A cross between two individuals identically hybrid for one gene is called a ____ cross.

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b) , and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s) . If a red spotted male was crossed with a black solid female and all the offspring from several crosses were only black and solid, the genotype of the female would be ____.

In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (p) . A pea plant heterozygous for the flower color trait has ____ flowers.

Coat color in one breed of mice is controlled by incompletely dominant alleles so that yellow and white are homozygous, whereas cream is heterozygous. The cross of two cream individuals will produce ____.

A homozygote contains two _____.

All of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants assorted into gametes independently, although some were actually located on the same chromosome. Which process separated these genes from each other, allowing for this assortment?

​Which genotype(s) can produce type O blood?

According to _____, two alleles at any locus are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis.

​Which genotype(s) can produce type A blood?

In Labrador retrievers, dogs with alleles E and B have black fur. Those with an E and two recessive b alleles have brown fur. Dogs homozygous for the recessive e allele have yellow fur. This is an example of _____.

A cross between two individuals identically hybrid for one gene is called a ____ cross.

Which genotype(s) can produce type O blood?

Which genotype(s) can produce type A blood?