Question 1

Compared to minority adolescents with families that have been in the United States for a long time, foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents tend to perform
A) better in school, but are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior.
B) worse in school, but are less likely to have emotional and behavioral problems.
C) better in school, and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior.
D) worse in school, and are more likely to have emotional and behavioral problems.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents tend to have better academic performance and less involvement in delinquent behavior than their peers with families that have been in the United States for a longer time. This may be due to cultural values and parental expectations emphasizing education and discipline for recent immigrants.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about identity development is true?
A) A coherent sense of identity generally is established before the age of 18.
B) Boys tend to lag behind girls in identity development in early and middle adolescence but catch up by late adolescence.
C) There is clearly an increase with age in the proportion of individuals who are in a state of moratorium, diffusion, or achievement.
D) The sense of identity begins to crystallize in most people around age 12.

Accepted Answer

Boys often lag behind girls in various aspects of identity development during early and middle adolescence but tend to catch up by late adolescence. This is consistent with broader patterns of development, where girls typically enter puberty earlier than boys, which can influence psychological and social development timelines.

Question 3

Researchers have found that Black individuals who believe that the public has low regard for their ethnic group typically
A) are more sensitive to racial cues.
B) are less sensitive to racial cues.
C) have low private regard.
D) have high private regard.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that Black individuals who believe that the public has low regard for their ethnic group typically "are more sensitive to racial cues."

Question 4

With regard to adolescent identity development, psychologists are much better at ________ than at ________.
A) describing the various stages that adolescents move through; explaining why or how individuals' sense of identity changes when it does
B) explaining why or how individuals' sense of identity changes across development; describing the various stages that adolescents move through
C) describing the identity states of achievement and moratorium; describing the identity states of diffusion and foreclosure
D) describing the identity states of diffusion and foreclosure; describing the identity states of achievement and moratorium

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have identified different stages of adolescent identity development, such as the identity diffusion stage and identity foreclosure stage, but they are still trying to understand how and why individuals progress through these stages. Therefore, psychologists are better at describing the various stages of adolescent identity development than at explaining why or how individuals' sense of identity changes when it does.

Question 5

Researchers have presented a model to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. This model is called
A) the racial centrality model of identity.
B) the multicultural model of discrimination.
C) the multidimensional model of racial identity.
D) the multitrait multimethod model of discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The model presented to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities is called the multidimensional model of racial identity. This model includes a number of different dimensions, such as racial awareness, private regard, and public regard, and helps to understand how these dimensions interact with other factors to affect mental health outcomes in minority individuals. The other answer choices are either not relevant to this topic or do not accurately describe the model presented by the researchers.

Question 6

Chloe, who is seventeen years old, says, "My mom keeps bugging me to apply to colleges, but I really don't want to think about it. I probably won't apply to any until the last minute." Which of these terms best describes Chloe?
A) informational
B) information-resistant
C) diffuse/avoidant
D) anti-moratorium

Accepted Answer

Chloe is exhibiting diffuse/avoidant behavior by avoiding thinking about college and putting off applying until the last minute. She is not necessarily resistant to information or anti-moratorium (which is actively seeking out new experiences and information to inform decision making).

Question 7

Ethnic socialization, the process by which parents teach children about their ethnic identity and the experiences they may encounter within society as a result of this identity, is thought to focus on three major themes. Which of the following is one of these themes?
A) rejecting mainstream society
B) dealing with racism
C) intolerance of the majority culture
D) understanding many other cultures

Accepted Answer

The three major themes of ethnic socialization are preparing children to deal with racism, teaching them about their cultural heritage, and promoting cultural pride and belonging. Choice A and C are not themes of ethnic socialization, and while understanding other cultures may be important, it is not one of the three major themes specifically addressed in ethnic socialization.

Question 8

Awareness of racism is associated with ________, while mistrust is associated with ________.
A) better achievement; doing poorly in school
B) doing poorly in school; low self-esteem
C) low self-esteem; better achievement
D) doing poorly in school; better achievement

Accepted Answer

Awareness of racism is linked to better achievement as it can lead to resilience and coping strategies, while mistrust, often a consequence of experiencing or perceiving racism, is associated with negative outcomes like doing poorly in school.

Question 9

Research has shown that ethnic socialization that results in having positive attitudes about one's ethnic group is associated with
A) having negative attitudes about other ethnic groups.
B) faster identity development among adolescents.
C) problematic interracial relations.
D) positive attitudes about other ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that positive ethnic socialization can lead to positive attitudes about one's own ethnic group as well as other ethnic groups, promoting inclusivity and understanding.

Question 10

Studies of ethnic identity development have shown that, relative to ethnic minorities, White adolescents are more likely to
A) identify with a region or neighborhood rather than a country.
B) have a stronger sense of ethnic identity.
C) avoid using "panethnic" labels to describe themselves.
D) identify themselves as "American" rather than with a specific heritage label.

Accepted Answer

Studies show that White adolescents are more likely to identify themselves as "American" than with a specific heritage label, indicating a weaker sense of ethnic identity.

Question 11

Which of these approaches would a researcher say is most likely to help a student who believes she has been discriminated against by her classmates?
A) Encourage her to make friends with older students rather than with younger ones.
B) Encourage her to make friends with boys rather than girls.
C) Give her opportunities to make friends with students from her own ethnic group.
D) Give her opportunities to make friends with students from other ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Giving the student opportunities to make friends with students from other ethnic groups would help her broaden her social horizons and provide her with a supportive network of individuals who have experienced similar discrimination. It encourages cross-cultural understanding and reduces the likelihood of discrimination.

Question 12

Moving through the early stages of ethnic identity development may be more successful if parents teach their children
A) to ignore society's conflicting messages about race.
B) to respect their elders.
C) to attend church regularly.
D) about dealing with racism.

Accepted Answer

Teaching children about dealing with racism can help them navigate the challenges they may face in the early stages of ethnic identity development. It can also help them develop a stronger sense of self and racial identity. A and B may be helpful in general, but they do not specifically address the challenges of ethnic identity development. C is not necessarily relevant, as religious practice is not the only way to develop a strong sense of self or racial identity.

Question 13

Why is it considered a paradox that young people who have recently immigrated to the United States tend to do better academically than young people of the same ethnic group whose parents were born in the United States?
A) People who immigrate to another country are likely to perform well academically.
B) Immigration is usually stressful socially, academically, and psychologically.
C) Emigration and immigration have different social, academic, and psychological outcomes.
D) Emigrants usually perform better than immigrants in studies of social well-being.

Accepted Answer

The paradox is that despite the stress and challenges that come with immigrating to a new country, young immigrants tend to outperform their peers whose parents were born in the United States. This suggests that there may be factors specific to the immigrant experience that contribute to their academic success.

Question 14

Monica believes that people from other ethnic groups dislike and distrust her and other members of the ethnic group that she identifies with. What term would a researcher use to describe this belief?
A) racial disaggregation
B) racial centrality
C) private regard
D) public regard

Accepted Answer

Public regard refers to an individual's perception of how their racial or ethnic group is viewed by others in society. Monica's belief about how others view her ethnic group aligns with the concept of public regard.

Question 15

Among ethnic minority youth, academic achievement is highest when adolescents experience which of these?
A) a belief that people in their life have succeeded academically
B) a connection to an ethnic group other than their own
C) a belief that people in their life want them to succeed academically
D) little or no awareness of racism

Accepted Answer

According to research, ethnic minority youth show higher academic achievement when they have a belief that people in their life want them to succeed academically. This may include parental support, teacher encouragement or peer motivation. Believing in oneself and having a sense of responsibility towards education is a significant factor in academic success.

Question 16

Researchers say that one of the pathways by which adolescents who feel discriminated against experience negative mental health outcomes is that adolescents who feel discriminated against
A) in school may feel less control over their academic achievement, which may lead to feelings of depression.
B) put less effort into their schoolwork, which may lead to feelings of worthlessness and self-hatred.
C) isolate themselves from their families, which may lead to feelings of despair.
D) are afraid to present their "true self," which may lead to difficulties with peers.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who feel discriminated against in school may feel less control over their academic achievement, which may lead to feelings of depression. This is supported by research that shows that discrimination in academic settings can negatively impact academic performance and decrease feelings of academic control, which can contribute to poor mental health outcomes such as depression.

Question 17

Adolescents whose parents are from different ethnic or racial groups are known as ________ adolescents.
A) multilingual
B) culture brokering
C) monocultural
D) multiethnic

Accepted Answer

Multiethnic adolescents are those whose parents are from different ethnic or racial groups. Multilingual refers to the ability to speak multiple languages, culture brokering involves bridging cultural differences, and monocultural refers to a single cultural group.

Question 18

What is the immigrant paradox?
A) Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America.
B) Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform worse in school and are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America.
C) Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform worse in school but are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America.
D) Foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school but are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America.

Accepted Answer

The immigrant paradox refers to the phenomenon where foreign-born and first-generation ethnic minority youth perform better in school and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior or have physical, emotional, and behavioral problems than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose parents were born in America. This phenomenon has been observed across various ethnic and racial groups, including Hispanic, Asian, and African American youth.

Question 19

Compared to parents who emphasize having pride in one's ethnic group, parents who emphasize the need to be wary about potential racism tend to have children
A) who fare better in the face of discrimination.
B) who fare worse in the face of discrimination.
C) who are more prepared for the "real world."
D) who are more accepting of discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Parents who emphasize the need to be wary about potential racism may inadvertently increase their children's sensitivity to discrimination, potentially leading to worse outcomes when they face discrimination. This focus can heighten feelings of vulnerability or victimization, rather than resilience.

Question 20

According to one study, how many biracial adolescents changed their racial self-identification within a four-year period?
A) nearly 25%
B) nearly 50%
C) nearly 75%
D) nearly 100%

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to one study, how many biracial...

Quiz 8: Identity

Compared to minority adolescents with families that have been in the United States for a long time, foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents tend to perform

Which of the following statements about identity development is true?

Researchers have found that Black individuals who believe that the public has low regard for their ethnic group typically

With regard to adolescent identity development, psychologists are much better at than at .

Researchers have presented a model to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. This model is called

Chloe, who is seventeen years old, says, "My mom keeps bugging me to apply to colleges, but I really don't want to think about it. I probably won't apply to any until the last minute." Which of these terms best describes Chloe?

Ethnic socialization, the process by which parents teach children about their ethnic identity and the experiences they may encounter within society as a result of this identity, is thought to focus on three major themes. Which of the following is one of these themes?

Awareness of racism is associated with , while mistrust is associated with .

Research has shown that ethnic socialization that results in having positive attitudes about one's ethnic group is associated with

Studies of ethnic identity development have shown that, relative to ethnic minorities, White adolescents are more likely to

Which of these approaches would a researcher say is most likely to help a student who believes she has been discriminated against by her classmates?

Moving through the early stages of ethnic identity development may be more successful if parents teach their children

Why is it considered a paradox that young people who have recently immigrated to the United States tend to do better academically than young people of the same ethnic group whose parents were born in the United States?

Monica believes that people from other ethnic groups dislike and distrust her and other members of the ethnic group that she identifies with. What term would a researcher use to describe this belief?

Among ethnic minority youth, academic achievement is highest when adolescents experience which of these?

Researchers say that one of the pathways by which adolescents who feel discriminated against experience negative mental health outcomes is that adolescents who feel discriminated against

Adolescents whose parents are from different ethnic or racial groups are known as ________ adolescents.

What is the immigrant paradox?

Compared to parents who emphasize having pride in one's ethnic group, parents who emphasize the need to be wary about potential racism tend to have children

According to one study, how many biracial adolescents changed their racial self-identification within a four-year period?