Question 1

The largest electronegativities are found in the _____________ ____________ region of the periodic table.
A) upper left
B) upper right
C) lower left
D) lower right
E) transition element (d-block)

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, and from bottom to top of a group in the periodic table. Therefore, the elements with the largest electronegativities are found in the upper right region of the periodic table.

Question 2

Which one of the following elements is likely to exhibit the most violent and rapid reaction with water? A) Na B) Rb C) Mg D) Sr E) Cl₂

Accepted Answer

Rb is in the same group as Na, but it is located lower in the periodic table. This means that it has a larger atomic radius and a lower ionization energy, making it more reactive than Na. Therefore, Rb is likely to exhibit the most violent and rapid reaction with water.

Question 3

Which of the following oxides will give the most basic solution when dissolved in water? A) SO₂ B) CO₂ C) K₂O D) P₄O₁₀ E) SO₃

Accepted Answer

Potassium oxide (K2O) is the only oxide among the given options that is classified as a strong base. When K2O is dissolved in water, it completely dissociates into K+ and O2- ions, making the solution highly basic. Therefore, choice C (KSbO) will give the most basic solution when dissolved in water.

Question 4

Hydrogen forms metallic (interstitial) hydrides with the d and f transition elements. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) These substances have distinct stoichiometric formulas like ionic hydrides.
B) Hydrogen forms bonds with the metals by donating its electron to the valence band of the metal.
C) Hydrogen molecules and atoms occupy holes within the crystal structure of the metal.
D) These substances are useful catalysts.
E) These hydrides are stabilized by hydrogen bonding forces.

Accepted Answer

Metallic (interstitial) hydrides are formed by hydrogen molecules and atoms occupying holes within the crystal structure of the metal, making choice C the correct option. These substances do not have distinct stoichiometric formulas like ionic hydrides, so choice A is incorrect. Hydrogen forms bonds with the metals by occupying interstitial sites rather than donating its electron to the valence band of the metal, so choice B is incorrect. While some metallic (interstitial) hydrides may have catalytic properties, this is not universally true, so choice D is incorrect. Finally, hydrogen bonding forces are not involved in the stabilization of metallic (interstitial) hydrides, so E is incorrect.

Question 5

Select the element with the lowest first ionization energy.
A) Se
B) S
C) Sn
D) Sr
E) H

Accepted Answer

Sr (Strontium) has the lowest first ionization energy among the options given. This is because it is located further down the periodic table in Group 2, indicating it has more electron shells and the outer electrons are further from the nucleus, making them easier to remove compared to the other elements listed.

Question 6

Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct?
A) The size of an atom is associated with the angular momentum quantum number.
B) The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same principal and angular momentum quantum numbers.
C) The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same angular momentum quantum number but have different principal quantum numbers.
D) Quantum numbers for the electrons tell us little about the relative energies of the electrons.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group in the periodic table have the same angular momentum quantum number (l), which determines the shape of the electron cloud, but they have different principal quantum numbers (n), which indicates the energy level or shell that the electron occupies. This is why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties; their valence electrons are in orbitals of the same type but at different energy levels as you move down the group.

Question 7

Which of the following atoms has the smallest volume?
A) Ba
B) Cs
C) Sr
D) Rb
E) I

Accepted Answer

Iodine (I) has the smallest volume because it has the lowest atomic number and therefore the least number of electrons and protons. As the number of electrons and protons increase in atoms of the same period, so does the volume. Therefore, the larger atoms of Ba, Cs, Sr, and Rb have larger volumes than I.

Question 8

Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How does the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to selenium bromide?
A) ionic to polar covalent
B) polar covalent to ionic
C) polar covalent to non-polar covalent
D) coordinate covalent to polar covalent
E) None of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

As you move from potassium bromide (KBr) to selenium bromide (SeBr2), the bonding changes from ionic (in KBr, where a metal and non-metal combine) to polar covalent (in SeBr2, where two non-metals with different electronegativities form a bond).

Question 9

Which of the following pure substances will not participate in hydrogen bonding? A) CH₃NH₂ B) CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ C) CH₃CH₂OH D) HF E) H₂O₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following pure substances will...

Question 10

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? A) O₂ B) Cl₂ C) Br₂ D) I₂ E) Xe

Accepted Answer

The boiling point of a molecule depends on its molecular weight and the strength of its intermolecular forces. Among the given molecules, I₂ has the highest molecular weight and also the strongest intermolecular forces due to its large size and polarizability, which results in more efficient Van der Waals interactions. Therefore, I₂ will have the highest boiling point.

Question 11

Which of the following ions and atoms has the greatest radius? A) Se^2- B) Br^- C) Rb⁺ D) Sr²⁺ E) Kr

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following ions and atoms...

Question 12

Which of the following pairs of elements will form the longest single bond?
A) C, F
B) C, N
C) C, S
D) C, O
E) C, H

Accepted Answer

The length of a single bond between two atoms generally increases with the size of the atoms involved. Among the given options, sulfur (S) is the largest atom when compared to fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H). Therefore, a bond between carbon (C) and sulfur (S) would be the longest due to the larger size of sulfur.

Question 13

The smallest ionization energies are found in the ____________ ___________ region of the periodic table.
A) upper right
B) upper left
C) lower right
D) lower left
E) transition element (d-block)

Accepted Answer

The smallest ionization energies are found in the lower left region of the periodic table because elements in this area have larger atomic radii and their outer electrons are further from the nucleus, making them easier to remove.

Question 14

What are the products of the reaction of potassium hydride and water? KH(s) + H₂O(l) → A) K(s) + H₂(g) + OH^-(aq) B) K(s) + H₂(g) + O₂(g) C) KOH(s) + O₂(g) D) K⁺(aq) + H₂(g) + O₂(g) E) K⁺(aq) + H₂(g) + OH^-(aq)

Accepted Answer

When potassium hydride is added to water, it will react to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

KH(s) + H2O(l) → KOH(s) + H2(g)

Option E is the best choice as it includes the correct products, namely potassium ions (K+), water (H2O), hydrogen gas (H2), and hydroxide ions (OH-). Option A, B, C, and D are incorrect as they include products that are not formed in this reaction.

Question 15

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. The ionic radius for Na⁺ is 102 pm and for Cl^- is 181 pm. In going from Na to Cl in Period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? A) The inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. B) The inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. C) The outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. D) The outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. E) Monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The atomic radius of sodium is 186...

Question 16

What are the products of the following reaction of strontium hydride and water? SrH₂(s) + H₂O(l) → A) Sr²⁺(aq) + H₂(g) + O₂(g) B) Sr²⁺(aq) + H₂(g) + OH^-(aq) C) Sr(s) + H₂(g) + OH^-(aq) D) Sr(s) + H₃O⁺(aq) E) None of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

When strontium hydride (SrH2) reacts with water, it forms strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) and hydrogen gas (H2). The balanced equation is:

SrH2 + 2H2O → Sr(OH)2 + 2H2

However, in this question, SrHS is used instead of SrH2. This is a bit unusual, as SrHS is not a commonly known compound. However, we can still use the same general reaction for our prediction.

So, SrHS and water should form strontium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The only answer choice that includes both of these products is B. Additionally, it also includes hydrogensulfide gas (H2S), which is likely formed due to the presence of impurities in the SrHS sample.

Question 17

Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity?
A) Al
B) S
C) Mg
D) In
E) Ba

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity generally decreases as you move down a group in the periodic table, so Ba (barium) as the lowest element in Group 2 will have the lowest electronegativity among the options given.

Question 18

Which of the following oxides will give the most acidic solution when dissolved in water? A) MgO B) Al₂O₃ C) Cl₂O D) SrO E) H₂O₂

Accepted Answer

When oxides dissolve in water, they can form acids or bases depending on their chemical properties. Generally, oxides of non-metals tend to form acidic solutions while oxides of metals tend to form basic solutions.

Out of the given choices, Cl2O7 is the only oxide of a non-metal. When it dissolves in water, it forms chloric acid (HClO4), which is a strong acid. Thus, it will give the most acidic solution out of the given options.

MgO and SrO are both oxides of metals and will form basic solutions when dissolved in water. Al12O3 and H12O6Sb2BO are not known oxides and are not relevant to the question.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the effective nuclear charge, Z_eff, is correct? A) Z_eff increases with the size of the atom. B) Z_eff decreases across a period and increases down a group. C) Z_eff increases across a period and is relatively constant down a group. D) Z_eff increases as the value of the principal quantum number increases. E) Z_eff is greater for hydrogen than for any other element.

Accepted Answer

The effective nuclear charge, Z_eff, is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom. It takes into account the attractive force of the nucleus and the repulsive force of the electrons in the same electron shell. Across a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which increases the attractive force on the electrons. At the same time, the number of electrons in the same shell also increases, which increases the repulsive force. As a result, the effective nuclear charge increases across a period. Down a group, the number of electron shells increases, which shields the outer electrons from the attractive force of the nucleus. As a result, the effective nuclear charge remains relatively constant down a group. Therefore, option C is correct: Z_eff increases across a period and is relatively constant down a group.

Question 20

Select the element with the highest first ionization energy.
A) Mg
B) Ca
C) Ba
D) Ra
E) K

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the element with the highest first...

Quiz 14: Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

The largest electronegativities are found in the _ region of the periodic table.

Which one of the following elements is likely to exhibit the most violent and rapid reaction with water?

Which of the following oxides will give the most basic solution when dissolved in water?

Hydrogen forms metallic (interstitial) hydrides with the d and f transition elements. Which of the following statements is correct?

Select the element with the lowest first ionization energy.

Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct?

Which of the following atoms has the smallest volume?

Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How does the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to selenium bromide?

Which of the following pure substances will not participate in hydrogen bonding?

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point?

Which of the following ions and atoms has the greatest radius?

Which of the following pairs of elements will form the longest single bond?

The smallest ionization energies are found in the __ _ region of the periodic table.

What are the products of the reaction of potassium hydride and water? KH(s) + H₂O(l) →

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. The ionic radius for Na⁺ is 102 pm and for Cl^- is 181 pm. In going from Na to Cl in Period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases?

What are the products of the following reaction of strontium hydride and water? SrH₂(s) + H₂O(l) →

Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity?

Which of the following oxides will give the most acidic solution when dissolved in water?

Which of the following statements about the effective nuclear charge, Z_eff, is correct?

Select the element with the highest first ionization energy.