Question 1

Fluctuations in body water show up on a weight scale. How long does it take to notice water weight changes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Fluctuations in body water can show up on a weight scale within hours. This can be due to factors such as changes in hydration levels or sodium intake.

Question 2

Which of the following minerals interferes with copper absorption and can cause deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Zinc can interfere with copper absorption and cause deficiency.

Question 3

Which of the following symptoms is very often the first indication that a person has osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A broken hip or wrist is often the first indication that a person has osteoporosis. This is because osteoporosis weakens the bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures. Other symptoms, such as lower back problems or tenderness in the hips, may occur later on as the condition progresses. Numbness of the toes is not typically associated with osteoporosis.

Question 4

Chromium works closely with which of the following body components?

Accepted Answer

Chromium works closely with insulin to regulate blood sugar levels in the body.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about fluorosis is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Fluorosis is caused by excessive intake of fluoride, often from water sources with high fluoride levels, during the years when teeth are developing.

Question 6

How many litres of water and fluid beverages should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?

Accepted Answer

Men should consume about 3.7 litres of water and fluid beverages per day under moderate environmental conditions and with a normal diet, according to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Question 7

Which of the following minerals is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

Accepted Answer

Potassium is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells, involved in numerous cellular processes including nerve function and muscle contraction.

Question 8

Which of the following medications blocks damage to the thyroid gland during radiation, and in doing so helps prevent thyroid cancer?

Accepted Answer

Potassium iodide, when taken before or shortly after exposure to radiation, can saturate the thyroid gland with iodine, preventing the uptake of radioactive iodine and therefore protecting the gland from damage. This can help reduce the risk of thyroid cancer. Neither thyroxin iodide, magnesium iodide, nor phosphorous iodide have been shown to have this protective effect.

Question 9

Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc?

Accepted Answer

Shellfish, particularly oysters, provide the highest amount of zinc per serving compared to the other options listed.

Question 10

One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of which of the following nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Chromium plays a key role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, specifically in the regulation of insulin and glucose in the body. It helps insulin to function properly, which in turn aids the body in the uptake and utilization of glucose for energy. Chromium deficiency has been linked to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, which can lead to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.

Question 11

Which of the following is the principal food source of chloride?

Accepted Answer

Chloride is primarily obtained from salt (sodium chloride) in the diet. Cabbage and rice do not contain significant amounts of chloride, while beef may contain some chloride but is not as rich of a source as salt.

Question 12

Which of the following elements assists in the operation of more than 300 enzymes, is needed for the release and use of energy from the energy-yielding nutrients, and directly affects the metabolism of potassium, calcium, and vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium assists in the operation of more than 300 enzymes, is needed for the release and use of energy from the energy-yielding nutrients, and directly affects the metabolism of potassium, calcium, and vitamin D.

Question 13

What dietary intervention may improve osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Consuming cow's milk is a dietary intervention that may improve osteoporosis as it is a good source of calcium, which is essential for bone health.

Question 14

What is the name of the condition in which an individual has both inadequate and impaired red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Anemia is the condition in which an individual has inadequate and impaired red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anemia and iron deficiency are specific types of anemia in which the individual lacks sufficient iron to produce healthy red blood cells. Anemic deficiency is not a recognized medical term.

Question 15

Which of the following food items reduces iron absorption from food?

Accepted Answer

Black tea contains tannins that bind to iron and reduce its absorption from food. Therefore, consuming black tea with a meal can lead to reduced iron absorption.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals would be most at risk for developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is more common in women than in men, and it is most often seen in postmenopausal women, who have lower levels of estrogen, a hormone that helps maintain bone density. Additionally, sedentary individuals are at higher risk, as they are not engaging in weight-bearing activity that can promote bone density. Thinness can also be a risk factor for osteoporosis, as there is less weight and pressure on the bones to stimulate bone growth. While childbirth can lead to a temporary decrease in bone density, it is not a significant risk factor for developing osteoporosis in the long term. Overweight individuals may actually have higher bone density due to the added weight and pressure on their bones.

Question 17

What is the most common cause of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

The most common cause of osteoporosis is a lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Estrogen helps to maintain bone mass, and as women age and their estrogen levels decrease, they become more susceptible to developing osteoporosis.

Question 18

Which of the following foods is the best source of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

Animal protein, such as meat, fish, and dairy products, are the best sources of phosphorus. Vegetarian sources of protein, such as vegetable protein and gluten in grain products, may also contain phosphorus but in smaller amounts. Fibre in fruit does not contain significant amounts of phosphorus.

Question 19

An athlete training in the heat can sweat out a great deal of fluid. Approximately how many litres of fluid can he/she lose per hour of training?

Accepted Answer

An athlete training in the heat can lose up to 2 litres of fluid per hour through sweat.

Question 20

Which mineral ion plays a special role as a part of stomach acid?

Accepted Answer

Chloride is a crucial component of hydrochloric acid, which is the acidic environment created in the stomach to aid in the digestion of food.

Quiz 8: Water and Minerals