Question 1

Important risk factor(s)for delinquency that continues into adulthood is/are

Accepted Answer

All of these factors have been shown to contribute to a higher risk of delinquency that continues into adulthood. Hostile or neglecting parents may result in a lack of positive role models or guidance, and could lead to negative coping mechanisms. High levels of impulsiveness could result in poor decision making and a lack of consideration for consequences, which could lead to criminal behavior. A low IQ score may also be a contributing factor to criminal behavior, as it may result in poor academic performance and limited job opportunities, potentially leading to a lack of resources and increased likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior.

Question 2

__________ is a legal term for behaviours such as truancy and running away,misconduct like being disruptive in school,and minor offences such as gambling.

Accepted Answer

Delinquency is the legal term used to describe behaviors such as truancy, running away, and minor offenses like gambling. It also includes misconduct such as being disruptive in school. Antisocial behavior and conduct disorder are terms used more broadly to describe a range of behaviors that violate social norms and may include criminal activity. A young offender refers specifically to a person who has been convicted of a crime while under the age of 18.

Question 3

Slobadan skips school,gets into a lot of fights,and commits vandalism.He is exhibiting _____ problems.

Accepted Answer

Externalizing problems refer to behaviors that are directed outwardly, such as aggression, delinquency, and impulsivity. Slobadan's behavior of skipping school, getting into fights, and committing vandalism are examples of externalizing problems. Internalizing problems, on the other hand, refer to behaviors that are directed inwardly, such as anxiety, depression, and withdrawal. Personality problems involve long-standing patterns of maladaptive behavior and interpersonal difficulties. Somatizing problems involve the physical manifestation of emotional distress, such as headaches, stomachaches, or other physical complaints.

Question 4

The offenses known as index crimes include

Accepted Answer

The offenses known as index crimes include both violent crimes (such as murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) and property crimes (such as burglary, larceny/theft, and motor vehicle theft). Status offenses (such as truancy or underage drinking) are not included in the index crime definition.

Question 5

Between 2001-2010,the rate of violent crimes in Canada by those under 18 has

Accepted Answer

According to Statistics Canada, the rate of violent crimes committed by those under 18 in Canada declined between 2001 and 2010.

Question 6

Teens with _____ problems tend to have weak impulse control and are more likely to be boys than girls.

Accepted Answer

Externalizing problems refer to behaviors that are outwardly directed, such as aggression, rule-breaking, and hyperactivity. Research has consistently found that boys are more likely than girls to exhibit externalizing behaviors, and these behaviors are often linked to weak impulse control. Somatizing and internalizing problems, on the other hand, are more likely to be exhibited by girls than boys. Psychologizing is not a recognized category of adolescent behavior problems.

Question 7

Researchers find that many teens with conduct problems are also depressed;this is an example of

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more disorders or conditions in the same individual. In this case, the presence of conduct problems and depression in many teens highlights comorbidity, as these two conditions overlap and coexist in the same individuals.

Question 8

John was an aggressive and defiant kid in grade school,and as a teen he is involved in serious delinquency.His mother,a single parent,has given up on him.John is at high risk for becoming a(n)_____ offender.

Accepted Answer

John's behavior began at a young age and has continued into his teenage years. This suggests that he may have a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that will continue into adulthood. This is characteristic of life-course-persistent offenders, who have a history of behavior problems and criminal activity that lasts throughout their life. The other options are not as appropriate because they do not account for the persistent, long-term pattern of behavior seen in John's case.

Question 9

Actions such as buying cigarettes or alcohol that are against the law for minors but not for adults are known as

Accepted Answer

Status offenses are actions that are prohibited only to a certain class of people, typically minors, and buying cigarettes or alcohol illegally fits this definition.

Question 10

Another student brushes by Mariano's desk and knocks his book to the floor.Mariano jumps up and threatens him.It is likely that Mariano has a(n)

Accepted Answer

Mariano's hostile response to a minor accident suggests that he may have a hostile attributional bias, which means he tends to interpret others' actions as intentionally harmful or threatening, even if they are not. This can lead to aggressive behavior in response to perceived slights or provocations.

Question 11

Studies that have evaluated the effects of punishing adolescents as adults suggest that

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that adolescents who are tried and punished as adults are more likely to be rearrested and reincarcerated than those who are dealt with in the juvenile justice system. This suggests that punishing adolescents as adults may not be an effective deterrent for future criminal behavior.

Question 12

Xaviar was caught vandalizing a local cemetery.He also gets into fights at school.It is likely that

Accepted Answer

Xaviar's behavior, including vandalism and getting into fights, suggests a pattern of conduct problems. Such behaviors often have roots in childhood, indicating that he likely had conduct problems as a child.

Question 13

A contributor to the gap between self-reported delinquency and crime statistics is that a good deal of delinquency by _________ adolescents never makes it into official records.

Accepted Answer

Middle-class adolescents often engage in delinquencies that are less likely to be officially recorded, partly due to their social and economic status which can afford them protections not available to other groups.

Question 14

In Canada,youth gangs are found in almost every major city and are engaged in the following,except

Accepted Answer

Youth gangs in Canada are commonly involved in criminal activities such as drug trafficking, theft, vandalism, and trying to eliminate rival gangs. However, they are not typically involved in pro-social activities such as homelessness prevention, which is more often carried out by charities or government programs.

Question 15

Teens with _____ problems tend to repress their impulses and are more likely to be girls than boys.

Accepted Answer

The term "internalizing problems" refers to emotional and behavioral problems that are characterized by an internal focus, such as anxiety and depression. Individuals with these problems tend to turn their emotional distress inward and repress their impulses. Research suggests that these problems are more common in girls than boys.

Question 16

The most common offence committed by Canadian youth is

Accepted Answer

The most common offence committed by Canadian youth is theft under $5000. This category often includes shoplifting and other small-scale thefts, which are more prevalent among younger populations compared to more serious crimes.

Question 17

Depression,anxiety,and eating disorders are among the more common _____ problems during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Internalizing problems are characterized by symptoms that are directed towards the self, such as feelings of sadness, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Depression, anxiety, and eating disorders are all examples of internalizing problems commonly experienced by adolescents. Externalizing problems, on the other hand, are characterized by behaviors that are directed towards others, such as aggression and rule-breaking. Psychosomatic problems refer to physical symptoms that are linked to psychological or emotional factors, and incurable is not a relevant option for this question.

Question 18

In a study comparing Montreal and Toronto,over _______ of students in the schools in Toronto,and 7% in Montreal,knew someone who had brought a gun to school,and many students reported that they felt guns were a very or somewhat serious problem in school.

Accepted Answer

The study indicates that over one-fifth of students in Toronto schools knew someone who had brought a gun to school.

Question 19

Bias,long-term inequities,marginalization and severe family dysfunction are among the reasons why ______________youth are overrepresented in the youth justice system.

Accepted Answer

Aboriginal youth are overrepresented in the youth justice system due to long-term inequities, marginalization, severe family dysfunction, and bias. They have experienced intergenerational trauma due to the residential school system and forced assimilation, resulting in socio-economic disadvantages, lack of access to education and healthcare, high rates of poverty, mental health issues, and addiction. The justice system also has biases that result in over-policing, racial profiling, and disproportionate sentencing of Aboriginal youth.

Question 20

Charlie is unpopular with most classmates because he picks fights.The chances are that he will

Accepted Answer

Aggressive individuals often gravitate towards others with similar behaviors, potentially overestimating the antisocial tendencies of their peers and escalating their own aggression to fit in or gain approval.

Quiz 11: Challenges

Important risk factor(s) for delinquency that continues into adulthood is/are