Question 1

Any pattern of association between two quantitative variables that does not involve a regular increase or decrease is known as ______.
A)variance
B)monotonic
C)curvilinear
D)bimodal

Accepted Answer

A curvilinear pattern of association between two quantitative variables indicates that the relationship between the variables is not linear and cannot be represented by a straight line. Instead, there may be an upward or downward curve, or the relationship may take on a more complex shape. Variance refers to the spread of data around a central point, monotonic describes a relationship that involves a consistent increase or decrease in one variable as the other variable changes, and bimodal describes a distribution with two distinct peaks.

Question 2

A standard deviation is the square root of the ______.
A)mean
B)median
C)range
D)variance

Accepted Answer

The standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values. It is calculated as the square root of the variance, which is the average of the squared differences from the mean. Therefore, the correct choice is D, variance.

Question 3

The mathematical likelihood that an association is not due to chance and typically expressed using a p value is ______. A)$\gamma$ B)statistical significance C)$\chi$² D)regression

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance is the mathematical likelihood that an association is not due to chance and is typically expressed using a p value. The other options are not correct – F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 appears to be a formatting error, F1F1F1S1F1F1F10² is not a valid statistical concept, and regression is a statistical method used to analyze the relationship between variables, but it is not the same as statistical significance.

Question 4

If you want to display the percentage of men in eight team sports as compared to women in the most efficient table,use a ______.
A)combined frequency display
B)compressed frequency display
C)frequency polygon
D)histogram

Accepted Answer

A compressed frequency display would be the most efficient way to display this information because it allows for quick comparison between the two groups (men and women) while using minimal space. It also provides the percentage breakdown, which is the specific information needed for this task. A combined frequency display would be too cluttered and difficult to read, while a frequency polygon and histogram are more appropriate for displaying continuous data rather than percentages of categorical data.

Question 5

Which of the following are used to summarize the central tendency of quantitative variables? A)mean and mode B)variance and range C)$\gamma$ and $\chi$² D)median and mean

Accepted Answer

The mean and median are both used to summarize the central tendency of quantitative variables. The mean is the arithmetic average of the values, while the median is the middle value when the observations are arranged in order. The mode is the most frequent value and is also a measure of central tendency, but it is not as reliable as the mean or median for describing the center of a distribution. Variance and range are measures of spread, not central tendency. Option C is not a valid answer choice as the symbols are not recognizable.

Question 6

______ is NOT an aspect of a crosstabulation table.
A)Existence
B)Strength
C)Direction
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

A crosstabulation table can be used to examine the existence, strength, and direction of a relationship between two categorical variables, meaning all the options listed are aspects of a crosstabulation table. Therefore, "none of these" is the correct answer as it indicates that all the other options are indeed aspects of a crosstabulation table.

Question 7

When you create a percentage table,you should percentage ______.
A)the columns
B)the rows
C)the columns and the rows
D)neither columns nor rows

Accepted Answer

When creating a percentage table, you typically percentage the columns to show the distribution of data within each column category.

Question 8

For the set of numbers 4,6,7,6,2,3,4,6,2,5,the mode is ______.
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)9

Accepted Answer

The mode is the number that appears most frequently in a set of data. In this set of numbers, 6 appears three times, which is more than any other number. Therefore, the mode is 6.

Question 9

Statistics used for estimating the degree of confidence that can be placed in generalizations from a sample to the population from which it was selected are known as ______.
A)descriptive statistics
B)variability measures
C)measures of central tendency
D)inferential statistics

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe the characteristics of a sample, while inferential statistics are used to make inferences about the larger population from which the sample was drawn. Therefore, inferential statistics are the appropriate choice for estimating the degree of confidence in generalizations from a sample to the population.

Question 10

The process of assigning a unique numerical code to each response to survey questions is called ______.
A)coding
B)precoding
C)randomization
D)data cleaning

Accepted Answer

The process of assigning a unique numerical code to each response to survey questions is called coding. Precoding is the process of creating codes before the survey is administered. Randomization is the process of randomly assigning participants to different groups or conditions. Data cleaning is the process of identifying and correcting errors in the data.

Question 11

The probability average is also the ______.
A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance

Accepted Answer

The answer of The probability average is also the ______.
A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance...

Question 12

In the group of numbers 1,1,6,7,8,37,37 is ______.
A)the mean
B)the median
C)an outlier
D)the range

Accepted Answer

An outlier is a value that is significantly larger or smaller than the other values in a data set. In this case, the two 37s are outliers because they are much larger than the other numbers in the group. The mean is (1+1+6+7+8+37+37)/7=15.7, the median is 7, and the range is 36.

Question 13

Data should be grouped in distributions in all of the following situations EXCEPT ______.
A)There are more than 15-20 values on the variable to begin with.
B)There are too many categories to be displayed on an easily readable table.
C)The distribution will be clearer if some values are combined.
D)The values between categories are significantly different.

Accepted Answer

Grouping data into distributions is useful for simplifying and summarizing data, especially when there are many values or categories, or when combining values can clarify the distribution. However, if the values between categories are significantly different, it might be more informative to keep them separate to accurately represent the data's variability and to avoid misleading interpretations.

Question 14

Quantitative data that vary along a continuum are best displayed as which type(s)of graphs?
A)frequency polygon
B)histogram
C)bar chart
D)frequency polygon and histogram

Accepted Answer

Frequency polygons and histograms are both appropriate for displaying quantitative data that vary along a continuum. Histograms are particularly useful for displaying the shape of the distribution, while frequency polygons are useful for showing changes in frequency over time or across categories. Using both types of graphs together can provide a more complete picture of the data. Bar charts, on the other hand, are more appropriate for displaying categorical data.

Question 15

If the purpose of a statistic is to report the middle position in one or more distributions,which of the following is the appropriate statistic? A)mean B)median C)$\chi$² D)Pearson's r

Accepted Answer

The appropriate statistic for reporting the middle position in one or more distributions is the median. The mean (A) is a measure of central tendency that can be influenced by extreme scores, while F1F1F1S1F1F1F10² (C) and Pearson's r (D) are not measures of central tendency.

Question 16

How do most survey organizations now prevent the entry of invalid codes?
A)preceding of surveys
B)database programs that control data entry
C)use of secondary data
D)use of qualitative research

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do most survey organizations now prevent...

Question 17

The square root of the average squared deviation of each case from the mean is ______.
A)variance
B)skewness
C)normal distribution
D)standard deviation

Accepted Answer

The square root of the average squared deviation of each case from the mean is the definition of the standard deviation.

Question 18

______ is NOT a criterion that should be considered when determining which studies to include in a meta-analysis.
A)Time frame
B)Tables displayed
C)Publication type
D)Research methods

Accepted Answer

The tables displayed in a study are not relevant in determining whether to include it in a meta-analysis. The other factors listed (time frame, publication type, research methods) are all important considerations in determining the quality and relevance of a study for a meta-analysis.

Question 19

Probability average is another term for ______.
A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Probability average is another term for ______.
A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)none...

Question 20

If the mean is greater than the median,which of the following must be true?
A)Variable is normally distributed.
B)Variable is measured at the ordinal level.
C)The variable's distribution must be positively skewed.
D)The relationship between variables is inverse.

Accepted Answer

If the mean is greater than the median, it indicates that the variable's distribution must be positively skewed because there are some unusually high values that pull the mean further away from the median towards the tail of the distribution.

Quiz 9: Quantitative Data Analysis

Any pattern of association between two quantitative variables that does not involve a regular increase or decrease is known as ______.

A standard deviation is the square root of the ______.

The mathematical likelihood that an association is not due to chance and typically expressed using a p value is ______.

If you want to display the percentage of men in eight team sports as compared to women in the most efficient table,use a ______.

Which of the following are used to summarize the central tendency of quantitative variables?

______ is NOT an aspect of a crosstabulation table.

When you create a percentage table,you should percentage ______.

For the set of numbers 4,6,7,6,2,3,4,6,2,5,the mode is ______.

Statistics used for estimating the degree of confidence that can be placed in generalizations from a sample to the population from which it was selected are known as ______.

The process of assigning a unique numerical code to each response to survey questions is called ______.

The probability average is also the ______.

In the group of numbers 1,1,6,7,8,37,37 is ______.

Data should be grouped in distributions in all of the following situations EXCEPT ______.

Quantitative data that vary along a continuum are best displayed as which type(s) of graphs?

If the purpose of a statistic is to report the middle position in one or more distributions,which of the following is the appropriate statistic?

How do most survey organizations now prevent the entry of invalid codes?

The square root of the average squared deviation of each case from the mean is ______.

______ is NOT a criterion that should be considered when determining which studies to include in a meta-analysis.

Probability average is another term for ______.

If the mean is greater than the median,which of the following must be true?