Question 1

______________is the term for economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers (government aid), and ownership of property.

Accepted Answer

Income is the term used to describe economic gain derived from different sources like wages, salaries, income transfers (government aid), and ownership of property.

Question 2

Contemporary Marxian (or conflict) theorists examine class in terms of______________ .

Accepted Answer

People's relationships with others in the production process is a key aspect of class in conflict theory.

Question 3

______________theorists view education as the "elevator" to social mobility. They see education as providing all students with opportunities, and they argue that students' abilities are now more important than their class, race, or gender in determining success.

Accepted Answer

Functionalists view education as a means of providing individuals with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in society. They believe that education serves as a meritocratic system, where individuals are rewarded for their abilities rather than their class, race, or gender. This belief leads functionalists to view education as the "elevator" to social mobility.

Question 4

When analyzing social class, ______________are most likely to consider the degree of control that workers have over the decision-making process and their ability to plan and implement their own work.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists tend to focus on power dynamics within social classes, including the control that workers have over their own work and decision-making processes. They would argue that those with more control over their work are higher in the social class hierarchy, as they have more autonomy and agency.

Question 5

______________theorists stress that schools are agencies for perpetuating social inequality because parents with limited income are not able to provide the same educational opportunities for their children as are families with greater financial resources.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists view education as a tool that reproduces and reinforces existing social inequalities. They argue that schools are not meritocratic and do not provide equal opportunities for all students. Students from low-income families are at a disadvantage as they lack the financial resources to access quality education, tutoring, and extracurricular activities that are essential for academic success. Therefore, the best choice is A) Conflict theorists stress that schools are agencies for perpetuating social inequality because parents with limited income are not able to provide the same educational opportunities for their children as are families with greater financial resources.

Question 6

Today, great disparities exist in the distribution of educational resources. Because funding for education comes primarily from______________ , school districts in wealthy suburban areas generally pay higher teachers' salaries, have newer buildings, and provide state-of-the-art equipment.

Accepted Answer

Local property taxes play a significant role in funding education, and as a result, school districts in wealthy areas that have more valuable properties end up with more funding for resources. Federal government taxes and state taxes also contribute to education funding, but local property taxes are the primary source for funding school districts.

Question 7

In Wright's Marxian model, persons who have substantial control over production and over workers but do not participate in key corporate decisions such as how to invest profit are the .

Accepted Answer

In Wright's Marxian model, the managerial class includes individuals who have control over production and workers but do not have decision-making power over investment or profit distribution. This class is distinct from the capitalist class, who own and control the means of production and have ultimate decision-making power over the use of profits.

Question 8

For most people in the United States, wealth is invested primarily in ______________.

Accepted Answer

For most people in the United States, wealth is primarily invested in their homes, which are property that generates no income.

Question 9

In the Marxian model of Erik Wright, business owners and craftspeople that may hire a small number of employees but largely do their own work would be considered ______________class.

Accepted Answer

In Erik Wright's Marxian model, business owners and craftspeople who may hire a small number of employees but largely do their own work are considered part of the small-business class. This classification acknowledges their role as both workers and owners, distinguishing them from larger capitalists or purely managerial or working classes.

Question 10

Most women who made the Forbes magazine wealthiest list .

Accepted Answer

According to Forbes, the majority of women on the wealthiest list either inherited their wealth or acquired it through marriage.

Question 11

Today, the net worth of each U.S. household in the wealthiest 1 percent is nearly______________ times greater than the net worth of the median U.S. household.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Today, the net worth of each U.S....

Question 12

Alicia works as an administrative assistant for a large corporation. According to Wright's Marxian model, Alicia would be categorized as a member of the ______________class.

Accepted Answer

According to Wright's Marxian model, the working class is composed of people who must sell their labor to survive and do not have control over the means of production. Administrative assistants, like Alicia, fit this description as they receive a salary in exchange for their labor and do not have ownership or control over the resources of the corporation.

Question 13

In 2014, the poorest 20 percent of households in the United States received approximately______________ of the total income pie.

Accepted Answer

In 2014, the poorest 20 percent of households in the United States received approximately 3 percent of the total income, highlighting the significant income inequality present in the country.

Question 14

According to Forbes magazine, the richest people in the world are Bill Gates (cofounder of Microsoft Corporation) and Amancio Ortega (founder of the Zara clothing line). In Wright's Marxian model, these men would be members of the______________ class.

Accepted Answer

According to Marx, the capitalist class owns the means of production and exploits the working class for profit. Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega are both billionaires who own major corporations and derive their wealth from the exploitation of their workers. Therefore, they would be classified as members of the capitalist class.

Question 15

In 2014, the wealthiest 20 percent of households in the United States received approximately ______________of the total income pie.

Accepted Answer

In 2014, the wealthiest 20 percent of households in the United States received about 50 percent of the total income, highlighting significant income inequality.

Question 16

Poor people in the United States _______________.

Accepted Answer

Poor people in the United States are at greater risk for heart disease and cancer than more affluent persons. This is likely due to a combination of factors such as limited access to healthy food options and medical care, as well as higher levels of stress and exposure to environmental pollutants in low-income neighborhoods. The other choices are incorrect as poor people actually have shorter life expectancies and their children are at greater risk of dying during their first year of life, and they may not necessarily receive more preventive medical and dental checkups than members of the middle class.

Question 17

For many of the working poor, medical insurance is out of the question. In 2014, approximately ______________of U.S. households with income less than $25,000 were without health insurance coverage.

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2014, approximately 16 percent of U.S. households with income less than $25,000 were without health insurance coverage. This means that a significant proportion of the working poor do not have access to adequate healthcare options.

Question 18

In Wright's Marxian model, the______________ is made up of a number of subgroups, including blue-collar workers, some of whom are highly skilled and well paid and others of whom are unskilled and poorly paid.

Accepted Answer

Wright's Marxian model divides society into three main classes: the capitalist class, the working class, and the petty bourgeoisie. The group described in the question - blue-collar workers, some of whom are highly skilled and well paid and others of whom are unskilled and poorly paid - falls under the working class subgroup. Therefore, the correct answer is C (working class).

Question 19

The Department of Agriculture uses the term______________ for people whose access to adequate food is limited by lack of money and other resources.

Accepted Answer

The term used by the Department of Agriculture for people whose access to adequate food is limited by lack of money and other resources is "food insecure." The term "hunger" refers specifically to the physical sensation of a lack of food, while "malnutrition" refers to a lack of proper nutrients in the diet. "Impoverished" refers more broadly to a state of poverty, which may or may not be linked to food insecurity.

Question 20

The term ______________includes property such as buildings, land, farms, houses, factories, and cars, as well as other assets such as bank accounts, corporate stocks, bonds, and insurance policies.

Accepted Answer

The term "wealth" refers to the total value of a person's assets, including real property (such as land and buildings) and personal property (such as cars and investments). Income refers to the flow of money earned through work or investments, while benefits refers to perks or advantages received through employment or government programs. Endowments are typically gifts of financial assets made to organizations or institutions.

Quiz 2: Culture

______________is the term for economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers (government aid) , and ownership of property.