Question 1

Brad was surprised to learn that Ameer did not belong to the National Honor Society because he always seemed to hang out with other members of that organization. This is best explained by the principle of the law of__________.

Accepted Answer

The principle of proximity states that objects, people, or events that are close to each other are perceived as related. In this case, Brad assumes that Ameer is a member of the National Honor Society because of his proximity to other members, even though this may not necessarily be true.

Question 2

In the context of the eye, changes in thickness of the lens permit:

Accepted Answer

Changes in the thickness of the lens allow the eye to focus and adjust its refractive power to create a clear image of an object on the retina. This process is known as accommodation.

Question 3

The perception of objects or events through means other than the recognized sensory organs is termed__________.

Accepted Answer

Extrasensory perception refers to the ability to perceive objects or events through means other than the recognized sensory organs, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, or precognition. Subliminal perception refers to the perception of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness. Psychokinesis refers to the ability to move objects with one's mind. Kinesthesis refers to the ability to sense the position and movement of one's own body.

Question 4

Which of the following fractions is known as Weber's constant for light?

Accepted Answer

Weber's constant for light, also known as the just noticeable difference (JND) for light intensity, is approximately 1/60th.

Question 5

Visual stimuli can be flashed too briefly, below our absolute threshold for conscious perception, to enable us to process them. This is an example of__________.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as subliminal stimulation, as the stimuli are presented below the threshold of consciousness.

Question 6

The term__________is derived from the ancient Greek words for "motion" and "perception".

Accepted Answer

The word "kinesthesis" comes from the Greek roots "kinesis" meaning motion and "aesthesis" meaning perception. It refers to the sense of bodily position and movement, and the ability to recognize movement and changes in position. The other choices (B) psychokinesis, (C) clairvoyance, and (D) telepathy, are all terms related to psychic or paranormal phenomena, and do not relate to the sense of bodily perception and movement.

Question 7

Amy and George were practicing a song for a cultural program. Their music teacher insisted that Amy sing the verses in a high pitch. Which of the following could be a reason for the music teacher's decision to select Amy for the high pitch sounds and not George?

Accepted Answer

The music teacher's decision to select Amy for the high pitch sounds and not George could be due to the physical differences between male and female vocal cords. Female vocal cords are usually shorter and vibrate at a higher frequency, making it easier for them to produce high pitch sounds. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the physical differences between male and female vocal cords.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a principle of Gestalt psychology?

Accepted Answer

Weight is not one of the principles of Gestalt psychology. The principles of Gestalt psychology are similarity, closure, proximity, continuity, and figure-ground.

Question 9

What structure of the ear directly transmits information to the 'stirrup'?

Accepted Answer

The anvil, also known as the incus, is one of the three ossicles in the middle ear that directly transmits vibrations from the malleus (hammer) to the stapes (stirrup), facilitating the mechanical transmission of sound waves to the inner ear.

Question 10

In which of the following conditions do receptors for warmth fire?

Accepted Answer

Receptors for warmth fire when skin temperature increases, allowing the brain to perceive the sensation of warmth.

Question 11

Nearsightedness can result when the eyeball is elongated such that the images of:

Accepted Answer

Nearsightedness or myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved. This causes light rays entering the eye to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, resulting in blurry distance vision. Therefore, option B is correct as it states that distant objects are focused in front of the retina.

Question 12

Amy accidentally hit her elbow against the edge of a wall. Amy's mother rushed to her and rubbed the affected elbow. Amy's pain subsided. Which theory would best explain this incident?

Accepted Answer

The gate control theory proposes that pain signals are modulated by the spinal cord and brain, and that non-painful stimuli can act as a "gate" to block pain signals from reaching the brain. Rubbing or massaging the affected area can activate the non-painful nerve fibers, closing the "gate" and reducing the sensation of pain. Therefore, rubbing the affected elbow helped to alleviate Amy's pain.

Question 13

The__________states that in response to sound waves of frequencies between a few hundred and 4,000 cycles per second, groups of neurons take turns firing to transmit sensory information about pitches.

Accepted Answer

The given statement describes the volley principle, which is the idea that groups of neurons take turns firing to transmit information about pitches between a few hundred and 4,000 cycles per second. The frequency theory suggests that the rate at which neurons fire reproduces the pitch of a sound while the place theory posits that different pitches activate specific areas of the cochlea. The closure principle refers to the perceptual tendency to complete incomplete figures or forms.

Question 14

_____ is the process by which we organize or make sense of the sensory impressions caused by the light that strikes our eyes.

Accepted Answer

Visual perception is the process by which we organize or make sense of the sensory impressions caused by the light that strikes our eyes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the middle ear?

Accepted Answer

The middle ear functions to amplify sound by increasing the pressure of the air entering the ear, which helps in transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear.

Question 16

In the context of auditory perception, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The frequency theory only appears to account for pitch perception between 20 and a few hundred cycles per second, making statement D true. Statement A describes the place theory, which is incorrect. Statement B describes the frequency theory, but it is not entirely accurate as it does not account for lower pitches. Statement C is also incorrect as neurons carrying auditory signals can fire up to 1,000 times per second.

Question 17

Which of the following senses is dominant in human beings?

Accepted Answer

Vision is considered the dominant sense in human beings as it provides the most amount of information to the brain about the environment we are in. We rely heavily on our vision to navigate through our surroundings, recognize people and objects, and detect potential dangers. While hearing, smell, and touch are also important senses, they do not provide as much information or play as dominant a role in our daily experiences as vision.

Question 18

__________usually stems from damage to the structures of the inner ear, most often the loss of hair cells. People with this condition tend to be more sensitive to some pitches than others.

Accepted Answer

Sensorineural deafness is caused by damage to the hair cells in the inner ear, leading to a loss of sensitivity to certain pitches. This is different from conductive deafness, which is caused by a problem with the physical structures of the ear that prevent sound from reaching the inner ear. "Selective hearing" and "discriminatory perception" are not medically recognized terms for hearing loss.

Question 19

_____ refers to the perception of objects that do not stimulate the known sensory organs.

Accepted Answer

Clairvoyance refers to the ability to perceive objects or information through extrasensory perception, without receiving any physical input through the known sensory organs.

Question 20

Pain results when neurons called__________in the skin are stimulated.

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors that respond to harmful or potentially harmful stimuli, such as mechanical pressure or chemical irritants, and initiate the sensation of pain. These neurons are located in the skin, as well as in other tissues throughout the body.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception