Question 1

In the case of stimulus motives, organisms __________.
A)seek to decrease states of arousal
B)maintain homeostasis
C)act to reduce external stimuli
D)seek to increase stimulation

Accepted Answer

Stimulus motives refer to behaviors that are driven by the desire for novelty, exploration, and excitement. Therefore, the correct choice is D, as organisms seek to increase their levels of stimulation. The other options do not accurately describe the function of stimulus motives. A and B describe drives related to maintaining a stable internal environment, while C focuses on avoidance rather than seeking behavior.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a cognitive perspective on motivation?
A)People strive to become what their culture emphasizes of them.
B)People strive to become what they are capable of being.
C)People attempt to eliminate inconsistencies.
D)People attempt to keep their beliefs and behavior consistent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 3

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson:
A)women are less likely to want to combine sex with a romantic relationship.
B)people may be more culturally attuned to focus on sex similarities rather than differences.
C)women do not produce testosterone.
D)men and women have similar biological responses to sexual stimulation.

Accepted Answer

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson, men and women have similar biological responses to sexual stimulation. This was a significant finding in their research on human sexual response, as it challenged the prevailing belief at the time that men and women's sexual anatomy and physiology were fundamentally different.

Question 4

In the context of hunger, if the __________ of a rat is electrically stimulated-that is, "switched on"-the rat stops eating until the current is turned off.
A)ventromedial nucleus
B)foramen magnum
C)hippocampus
D)occipital nucleus

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial nucleus is a region in the hypothalamus that is associated with the regulation of hunger and satiety. When the area is stimulated, it can lead to a decrease in appetite or even cessation of eating. Thus, if the ventromedial nucleus of a rat is electrically stimulated, it would stop eating until the current is turned off.

Question 5

__________ is the swelling of the genital tissues with blood, causing erection of the penis and swelling of the area surrounding the vaginal opening.
A)Vasoconstriction
B)Myalgia
C)Myotonia
D)Vasocongestion

Accepted Answer

Vasocongestion is the swelling of genital tissues with blood, causing erection of the penis and swelling of the area surrounding the vaginal opening. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, Myalgia is muscle pain, and Myotonia is a condition of delayed relaxation of muscles after contraction.

Question 6

In the context of hunger, which of the following is true?
A)Watching television increases the amount of food we eat.
B)Watching television makes us focus on what we are eating.
C)Psychological factors are not associated with the human hunger drive.
D)Physiological factors are not associated with the human hunger drive.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that watching television can increase the amount of food people consume, as it can distract them from paying attention to their food and how much they are eating. Psychological factors, such as emotions and stress, can also play a role in hunger. Physiological factors, such as hormone levels and blood sugar, are also associated with regulating the human hunger drive.

Question 7

Pansy is romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females. She is most likely to be labeled _________.
A)heterosexual
B)homosexual
C)asexual
D)bisexual

Accepted Answer

Pansy is attracted to both males and females, which means she is bisexual.

Question 8

_________ is best described as the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; and optimism and hope for the future.
A)Experimental psychology
B)Positive psychology
C)Forensic psychology
D)Psychoanalysis

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is the field of psychology focused on personal well-being and satisfaction, including joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness. It also encompasses optimism and hope for the future. Experimental psychology is a broad field that involves the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, while forensic psychology specializes in the intersection of psychology and the legal system. Psychoanalysis is a psychological approach focused on exploring the unconscious mind and unresolved childhood conflicts.

Question 9

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, what must be developed immediately prior to esteem needs?
A)Self-actualization
B)Safety needs
C)Love and belongingness
D)Physiological needs

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, love and belongingness needs must be fulfilled before esteem needs. This includes the need for belonging, love, acceptance, and social relationships. When these needs are fulfilled, individuals feel a sense of belonging and importance, which leads to fulfilling their esteem needs, such as the need for respect, recognition, achievement and self-confidence.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of drives?
A)Psychological needs for approval, achievement, and belonging give rise to drives.
B)Psychological drives do not differ from person to person.
C)Drives tend to be weaker when we have been deprived longer.
D)The drives of hunger and thirst are examples of physiological drives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 11

According to your text, one of the common complaints concerning the Kinsey reports was that ________.
A)they asked extremely personal questions
B)it was collected from a non-random sample
C)it was not valid
D)they collected too much information

Accepted Answer

One of the common complaints about the Kinsey reports was that the data was collected from a non-random sample.

Question 12

Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory states that:
A)organisms seek to increase stimulation.
B)primary drives are triggered in a state of satiety.
C)humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal.
D)pain cannot trigger arousal and activate behavior.

Accepted Answer

Hull's drive-reduction theory proposes that organisms have biological needs, such as hunger or thirst, that create a state of arousal or tension. This tension motivates the organism to engage in behaviors that reduce the arousal and satisfy the need, thereby achieving homeostasis. Therefore, the theory suggests that humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal.

Question 13

When _______ is surgically destroyed in rats they tend to eat excessively.
A)ventromedial nucleus
B)lateral hypothalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial nucleus is responsible for regulating satiety and controlling the amount of food a rat consumes. When this area is surgically destroyed, the rats tend to eat excessively and become obese.

Question 14

In the context of women, which of the following is true of androgens?
A)Mammary glands produce androgens in women.
B)Ovaries produce androgens in women.
C)The pituitary gland produces androgens in women.
D)The uterus produces androgens in women.

Accepted Answer

Androgens are produced in small amounts by the ovaries in women and play a role in female reproductive function, including development of the follicle and ovulation. Mammary glands, uterus, and pituitary gland do not produce significant amounts of androgens in women.

Question 15

In the context of hunger, adaptive thermogenesis causes _________ when someone goes on a diet.
A)the body to produce more energy
B)the body to burn fewer calories
C)aphagia
D)hyperphagia

Accepted Answer

Adaptive thermogenesis is the body's response to reduced calorie intake, where it slows down its metabolic rate in order to conserve energy. This can lead to burning fewer calories, which can make it harder to lose weight when dieting.

Question 16

Alina thinks that she is overweight. She often indulges in binge eating and later forcibly vomits the food. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?
A)Porphyria.
B)Anorexia nervosa.
C)Bulimia nervosa.
D)Adaptive thermogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Alina is likely suffering from bulimia nervosa, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative use. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake leading to a significantly low body weight. Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder that affects the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin. Adaptive thermogenesis is a physiological process by which the body adjusts its energy expenditure in response to changes in energy intake and/or physical activity.

Question 17

Animals that have just copulated and thereby reduced their primary sex drives often show renewed interest in sex when presented with a novel sex partner. This is an example of__________.
A)stimulus motives
B)intuition
C)homeostasis
D)drive reduction

Accepted Answer

The behavior described in the statement is an example of a stimulus motive, which refers to the desire to explore and interact with novel or interesting stimuli. The animals in this situation were no longer driven by their primary sex drive (drive reduction), but when presented with a new sex partner, they showed renewed interest in sex, indicating that their behavior was motivated by the novel stimulus. Intuition and homeostasis are not relevant concepts in this context.

Question 18

According to your text, which of the following does not help regulate our hunger?
A)Hypothalamus
B)Blood sugar level
C)Receptors in our liver
D)Hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is primarily involved in memory and learning, and not directly involved in regulating hunger. The hypothalamus, blood sugar levels, and receptors in the liver all play important roles in regulating hunger.

Question 19

During __________, female rats respond to males by hopping, wiggling their ears, and arching their backs with their tails to one side, thus enabling males to penetrate them.
A)the resolution phase
B)estrus
C)revascularization
D)the refractory period

Accepted Answer

Estrus is the phase of the reproductive cycle in female mammals during which they become sexually receptive to males. In rats, this is characterized by specific behaviors that facilitate mating, such as hopping, ear wiggling, and tail arching. The other options, resolution phase, revascularization, and refractory period, do not describe this specific aspect of the reproductive cycle.

Question 20

Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he completes his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n) _____.
A)drive
B)need
C)incentive
D)desire

Accepted Answer

An incentive is something that motivates or encourages someone to do something, often in the form of a reward. In this case, the raise is being offered as an incentive for Jorge to complete his work earlier.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

In the case of stimulus motives, organisms __________.

Which of the following is not a cognitive perspective on motivation?

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson:

In the context of hunger, if the __________ of a rat is electrically stimulated-that is, "switched on"-the rat stops eating until the current is turned off.

__________ is the swelling of the genital tissues with blood, causing erection of the penis and swelling of the area surrounding the vaginal opening.

In the context of hunger, which of the following is true?

Pansy is romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females. She is most likely to be labeled _________.

_________ is best described as the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; and optimism and hope for the future.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, what must be developed immediately prior to esteem needs?

Which of the following is true of drives?

According to your text, one of the common complaints concerning the Kinsey reports was that ________.

Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory states that:

When _______ is surgically destroyed in rats they tend to eat excessively.

In the context of women, which of the following is true of androgens?

In the context of hunger, adaptive thermogenesis causes _________ when someone goes on a diet.

Alina thinks that she is overweight. She often indulges in binge eating and later forcibly vomits the food. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?

Animals that have just copulated and thereby reduced their primary sex drives often show renewed interest in sex when presented with a novel sex partner. This is an example of__________.

According to your text, which of the following does not help regulate our hunger?

During __________, female rats respond to males by hopping, wiggling their ears, and arching their backs with their tails to one side, thus enabling males to penetrate them.

Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he completes his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n) _____.