Question 1

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise __________.
A)when the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the id
B)because people can never make their own decisions
C)from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization
D)when the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the superego

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization. This means that individuals may experience emotional distress or mental health problems when they are unable to fully realize their potential and meet their psychological needs. Rogers' approach to therapy, known as person-centered therapy, seeks to remove these roadblocks and help clients achieve greater self-awareness, self-acceptance, and personal growth. The other options, such as A, B, or D, do not align with Rogers' views on the origin of psychological problems.

Question 2

John's therapist really helped him understand how his expectations of the party were actually unrealistic. His therapist helped him reframe the events at the party and he felt better about it. What therapeutic approach is John's therapist using?
A)Gestalt therapy
B)cognitive therapy
C)behavior therapy
D)psychodynamic therapy

Accepted Answer

John's therapist is using cognitive therapy, as they are helping him identify and reframe his unrealistic expectations and thoughts about the party in a more positive and realistic way.

Question 3

__________ is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas-a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression.
A)Resistance
B)Free association
C)Catharsis
D)Transference

Accepted Answer

Resistance is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas. This is a defense mechanism of repression, meaning that the individual is unconsciously pushing these thoughts or feelings out of their awareness.

Question 4

In psychoanalysis, what is the name of the term for a client spilling forth their psychic energy that had been repressed by conflicts?
A)Transference
B)Free association
C)Wish fulfillment
D)Catharsis

Accepted Answer

Catharsis is the release of repressed emotions and feelings through the process of therapy. It involves bringing repressed conflicts and emotions to the surface in order to process and release them.

Question 5

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies?
A)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on bio-psychological disorders, while humanistic therapies focus on early childhood experiences.
B)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on client-centered therapy, while humanistic therapies focus on the process of transference.
C)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing here and now.
D)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on unconditional positive regard, while humanistic therapies focus on ego analysis.

Accepted Answer

Traditional psychoanalysis emphasizes the role of clients' early childhood experiences in shaping their current behavior and personality. In contrast, humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing in the present moment, such as their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Humanistic therapists believe that clients have the capacity for self-awareness and self-direction, and aim to cultivate these abilities through empathic listening and supportive dialogue. While both approaches recognize the importance of the therapeutic relationship, humanistic therapies place greater emphasis on the authenticity and congruence of the therapist.

Question 6

Behavior therapy _________ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.
A)applies hereditary principles
B)uses symbolic meanings of maladaptive practices
C)uses childhood origins of problems
D)applies principles of learning

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy focuses on applying principles of learning to directly promote desired behavioral changes by using reinforcement, punishment, and extinction techniques. Hereditary principles, symbolic meanings of maladaptive practices, and childhood origins of problems are not central to behavior therapy.

Question 7

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as ______________.
A)benzodiazepines
B)phenothiazine
C)carboxylic acids
D)thiodiphenylamine

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. They work by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to calm the nervous system. Common benzodiazepines include Valium, Xanax, and Ativan.

Question 8

Mary and Ted, who are in a relationship, are working with a therapist to strengthen the communication between them and to express their insecurities about the relationship. Mary and Ted are most likely participating in __________.
A)social skills training
B)couple therapy
C)hypnotherapy
D)classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Mary and Ted are participating in couple therapy, which is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on improving communication and resolving conflicts within romantic relationships. The other options (social skills training, hypnotherapy, classical conditioning) do not apply to the specific situation described.

Question 9

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?
A)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection.
B)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people seldom don social masks, pretending to be things they are not.
C)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy was originated by Carl Rogers.
D)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy involves tedious and cruel methods to treat patients with psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Both client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy assume that people disown certain parts of themselves. In client-centered therapy, this is known as incongruence, while in Gestalt therapy it is referred to as the "unfinished business" that clients bring to therapy. Both approaches believe that by acknowledging and integrating these disowned parts, individuals can achieve greater self-awareness and growth. Options B and C are not correct, as they make inaccurate or irrelevant statements. Option D is not correct, as it is false and potentially offensive, as neither approach utilizes cruel or tedious methods.

Question 10

Tom was suffering from severe anxiety. However, with the help of his therapist, he noticed that his cheek would start to "twitch" prior to an anxiety attack. This technique is most similar to ___________.
A)biofeedback training
B)token economy
C)systematic desensitization
D)cognitive behavioral therapy

Accepted Answer

The technique of noticing physical cues such as a cheek twitch is a form of biofeedback training, where individuals learn to monitor and control physical responses associated with stress or anxiety.

Question 11

During Bobbi's therapy session, she noticed that her therapist was frequently mentioning rewards and consequences. Her therapist most likely practices what type of therapy?
A)behavior therapy
B)gestalt therapy
C)psychodynamic therapy
D)cognitive therapy

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy focuses on modifying behavior through the use of rewards and consequences. This approach is often used to address specific behavioral problems and is commonly associated with techniques like operant conditioning and exposure therapy.

Question 12

In the context of psychodynamic therapies, when the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, __________.
A)distress is eliminated
B)defenses are established
C)internal conflicts are resolved
D)loss of memory becomes inevitable

Accepted Answer

When the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, defenses are established as a way to cope with the overwhelming feelings of shame and guilt. These defenses can include repression, denial, or other unconscious mechanisms to avoid or rationalize the feelings of guilt.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapists?
A)They unearth the childhood origins of psychological problems in clients.
B)They discourage clients from gaining insight into behaviors such as feelings of anxiety.
C)They may help clients identify the symbolic meanings of maladaptive behaviors.
D)They may help clients become aware of the circumstances in which maladaptive behaviors occur.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists focus on identifying and changing maladaptive behaviors in the present, rather than exploring the past or searching for deep, symbolic meanings. Therefore, they may help clients become aware of the specific circumstances that trigger or reinforce their problematic behaviors.

Question 14

Raul goes to a psychotherapist because he is suffering from insomnia. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. The therapist does not use hypnosis. Through this process, the therapist hopes to gain an insight into the unconscious processes in Raul's mind. The therapist is using the technique of __________.
A)reinforcement
B)free association
C)systematic desensitization
D)dream analysis

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using the technique of free association, where the patient is encouraged to speak freely without censorship or self-judgment, in order to gain insight into their unconscious thoughts and emotions. This technique was developed by Sigmund Freud as a key part of psychoanalysis.

Question 15

Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior?
A)Transference.
B)Catharsis.
C)Free association.
D)Resistance.

Accepted Answer

Joan's behavior of avoiding talking about her troubled marriage and becoming restless when asked to talk about the relationship indicates resistance. Resistance is when a patient avoids talking about certain topics or becomes uneasy when asked to discuss them, often indicating an underlying fear or anxiety. In this case, Joan may not feel comfortable discussing the issues in her marriage or may fear judgment from her psychoanalyst.

Question 16

__________ was originated by Fritz Perls.
A)Psychoanalysis therapy
B)Gestalt therapy
C)Client-centered therapy
D)Psychodynamic therapy

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy was originated by Fritz Perls.

Question 17

Behavior therapists aid clients in __________.
A)resolving conflicts between the ego and the superego
B)the acquisition of adaptive behavior patterns
C)resolving conflicts between the ego and the id
D)the acquisition of self-defeating behavior patterns

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists focus on helping clients acquire adaptive behavior patterns, which involves identifying maladaptive behaviors and replacing them with more effective ones. They do not typically address conflicts between the ego and either the id or superego, nor do they help clients acquire self-defeating behavior patterns.

Question 18

__________ is best described as the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors.
A)Behavior therapy
B)Orientation behavior
C)Hypnotherapy
D)Dream analysis

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy is the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors. Choice B, "Orientation behavior," is not a recognized term in the field of psychology. Choice C, "Hypnotherapy," involves inducing a trance-like state in a client in order to access their unconscious mind and promote behavioral change, but it is not the same as behavior therapy. Choice D, "Dream analysis," involves interpreting the content of a client's dreams to gain insight into their unconscious mind, but it is also not the same as behavior therapy.

Question 19

In order for Tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?
A)aversive conditioning
B)virtual therapy
C)modeling
D)biofeedback training

Accepted Answer

The technique being used by Tonya's therapist is aversive conditioning, which involves associating an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. In this case, the therapist is associating a terrible odor with smoking, which should make smoking less appealing to Tonya.

Question 20

Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time. During their session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case, Jason's therapist is using __________.
A)family therapy
B)behavioral therapy
C)client-centered therapy
D)virtual therapy

Accepted Answer

The therapist's beliefs align with the principles of client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the individual's inherent capacity for growth and self-determination, and aims to create a trusting and empathic therapeutic relationship to facilitate the exploration and expression of genuine feelings. None of the other options fit the description provided.

Quiz 13: Methods of Therapy

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise __________.

John's therapist really helped him understand how his expectations of the party were actually unrealistic. His therapist helped him reframe the events at the party and he felt better about it. What therapeutic approach is John's therapist using?

__________ is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas-a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression.

In psychoanalysis, what is the name of the term for a client spilling forth their psychic energy that had been repressed by conflicts?

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies?

Behavior therapy _________ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as ______________.

Mary and Ted, who are in a relationship, are working with a therapist to strengthen the communication between them and to express their insecurities about the relationship. Mary and Ted are most likely participating in __________.

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?

Tom was suffering from severe anxiety. However, with the help of his therapist, he noticed that his cheek would start to "twitch" prior to an anxiety attack. This technique is most similar to ___________.

During Bobbi's therapy session, she noticed that her therapist was frequently mentioning rewards and consequences. Her therapist most likely practices what type of therapy?

In the context of psychodynamic therapies, when the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, __________.

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapists?

Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior?

__________ was originated by Fritz Perls.

Behavior therapists aid clients in __________.

__________ is best described as the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors.

In order for Tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?