Question 1

__________ is a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing anxiety and concern instead of rational analysis of the issues.

Accepted Answer

Fear appeal is a type of persuasive communication that tries to influence behavior by arousing anxiety and concern in the audience. Fear appeal is often used in advertising or public service announcements to convince people to take action towards a particular goal, such as quitting smoking or wearing a seatbelt. The appeal works on the assumption that people will act in their own best interests if they are convinced that they are in danger of harm.

Question 2

______ is a hostile behavior directed against groups toward whom one is prejudiced and _________ is an attitude toward a group that leads people to evaluate members of that group negatively.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is the behavior or actions, often negative, towards an individual or group of people, especially on the basis of sex/race/social class, etc. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

Question 3

In Stanley Milgram's study, whenever some of the "teachers" would hesitate his research assistants would say one of the following, except for:

Accepted Answer

"You cannot stop, the experiment must continue." is the only statement listed that explicitly tells the "teacher" that they cannot stop and that the experiment must continue. The other statements provide reasons or justifications for continuing, but do not explicitly push the "teacher" to continue despite their hesitation.

Question 4

When Shaina is about to begin her speech in class, she notices that a few of her classmates are whispering among themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring to her audience and gets distracted. In this scenario, the presence of the classmates is not likely to facilitate her performance due to _________.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension refers to the concern that individuals have about how they are being judged or evaluated by others. In this case, the presence of the classmates who are whispering could make Shaina feel like she is not interesting or engaging enough, which is likely to increase her evaluation apprehension and make her nervous or distracted. Social pressure, deindividuation, and diffusion of responsibility are not as relevant to this scenario.

Question 5

According to Durlez and Stangor & Crandall, ___________ is a source of prejudice.

Accepted Answer

According to Durlez and Stangor & Crandall, social conflict is a source of prejudice. Social conflict can arise due to competition for resources or power, which can lead one group to view another group as a threat and develop negative attitudes towards them. This can contribute to the development of prejudice.

Question 6

According to the study conducted by Sprecher and Felmlee in 2008, U.S. women are more willing than U.S. men to marry someone who __________.

Accepted Answer

Women are generally more willing to prioritize other qualities over physical attractiveness in a partner compared to men.

Question 7

Elena was curious if what someone says corresponds with how they actually behave. Which of the following was not a factor discussed by your text?

Accepted Answer

The text did not discuss how attitudes were formed in relation to the correspondence between behavior and what someone says.

Question 8

In the context of group behavior, __________ is the concern that others are assessing one's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension is the concern that other individuals or group members are evaluating or judging one's behavior. It involves feeling self-conscious and anxious about how one is perceived by others in group situations. This can influence a person's behavior and decision-making within a group.

Question 9

In the context of aggression, which of the following is a perspective of social-cognitive theorists?

Accepted Answer

The social-cognitive perspective on aggression emphasizes the role of conscious decision-making processes and cognitive factors in aggressive behavior. This perspective suggests that individuals learn aggressive behavior through observation, social modeling, and reinforcement, and that their willingness to engage in aggressive behavior is shaped by their perception of the environment and their own abilities to control their behavior. Therefore, consciousness and choice play key roles in aggressive behavior according to social-cognitive theorists.

Question 10

__________is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided fits with the concept of altruism, which involves prioritizing the needs and well-being of others over one's own self-interest. Hedonism, on the other hand, is a philosophy that emphasizes pleasure and personal happiness as the ultimate goal. Primacy and recency refer to concepts related to memory and learning, but are not relevant to the question prompt.

Question 11

_________ is one of the three components in Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love.

Accepted Answer

Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love consists of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Commitment refers to the decision to stay with a partner and work through any problems that may arise in the relationship.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

External threat can often lead to groupthink because it heightens the sense of cohesiveness among group members and can cause them to view any dissenting opinions as a threat to the group's unity. This can create a source of stress for group members and increase the likelihood of groupthink. Therefore, option D is the correct statement. The other options are incorrect as they do not reflect the nature of groupthink.

Question 13

Mark and Tracy are close friends from second grade. They share their feelings with each other, but they lack passion or commitment. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, Mark and Tracy's love is a form of _________.

Accepted Answer

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, a relationship that has intimacy (sharing feelings and closeness) without passion or commitment is classified as "liking."

Question 14

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is true of passion?

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love, passion involves intense emotional and physical arousal, including preoccupation with the loved one, sexual desire, and excitement. Therefore, option D, which is about preoccupation with the loved one, is correct, and options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe passion in romantic relationships.

Question 15

In collectivist cultures that stress interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's __________.

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to social roles and obligations, rather than personality or attitude, as the emphasis is on group harmony and interdependence rather than individualism. Age and health may also play a role but are not as central as social roles and obligations.

Question 16

__________ believe that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced.

Accepted Answer

Social-cognitive theorists propose that our behavior, including aggression, is influenced by our beliefs about the situation and the potential outcomes. They argue that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced. This perspective emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes, such as interpretation and evaluation of social cues, in determining behavior.

Question 17

In the context of sources of prejudice, when people view those who belong to their own groups more favorably than those who do not, they are involved in _________.

Accepted Answer

This describes social categorization, where people categorize others into groups and tend to favor their own group over others. Social learning refers to how people learn attitudes and behaviors through observation and imitation of others. Social facilitation refers to the tendency for people to perform better in the presence of others. Social conflict refers to the struggle for power and resources between groups.

Question 18

As it relates to attitude formation, the _________ perspective proposed that we are motivated to understand the environment so that they can make predictions and exercise some control over it.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive appraisal perspective emphasizes the importance of forming attitudes as a means of understanding and predicting the environment, and as a way of exerting some control over our experiences. This perspective suggests that attitudes are formed based on cognitive evaluations of the information available to us, rather than on emotional responses or learned associations.

Question 19

Talya, a girl from a wealthy family, is seen constantly mocking students who are impoverished. Her class teacher believes that Talya derives her condescending tone from her parents, who display similar behavior toward the poor. In this scenario, the class teacher is __________.

Accepted Answer

The class teacher is making a situational attribution, which means that they are trying to explain Talya's behavior by considering the situation or external factors influencing her behavior, such as her upbringing and parent's behavior. This is in contrast to dispositional attribution, which would involve assuming that Talya's behavior is due to her innate personality traits.

Question 20

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, _________ refers to a couple's closeness, to their mutual concern and sharing of feelings and resources.

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg, intimacy refers to the closeness, mutual concern, and sharing of feelings and resources between two people. This includes feelings of warmth, closeness, and connection, as well as the sharing of personal thoughts, experiences, and secrets.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology