Question 1

What is the possible influence of poverty on language skills?

Accepted Answer

Children of poverty lack food, clothing, housing, medicine, and early learning assistance. These children face sickness, psychological stress, malnutrition, and underdevelopment. Each of the problems can increase the risk of disabling conditions, including language disorders. Poor mothers may not have received prenatal care during their pregnancies, and malnutrition and substance abuse can lead to premature delivery of babies with low birth weight. These babies have a substantially greater risk of incurring developmental problems, among them fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is associated with conditions such as language learning disabilities and intellectual disability. Even when poor children are born healthy, they can be raised in an environment that can be less stimulating and more dangerous than that of other children. As a result, they are likely to be delayed in certain areas of language learning compared to middle-class children. Poverty is also not disassociated with what might be familial transmission of specific language impairment, given the resultant literacy and consequent academic difficulties with the related vocational and economic limitations. This means that some children of poor parents may have an inherited language impairment because one or both of their parents has a language impairment.

Question 2

What are some of the differences in proxemics across American cultural groups?

Accepted Answer

Hispanic American speakers tend to have a small distance between them during conversation. Direct eye contact is avoided during listening but maintained during speaking in African American culture. Touching is considered more acceptable between members of the same sex than between men and women in Asian cultures. For a complete list of differences in communicative behavior across American cultural groups, reference table 9.1 in the text.

Question 3

What is meant by Standard American English? Why does it differ from other forms of Standard English?

Accepted Answer

Standard American English is a phrase used to refer to what is considered characteristic of "mainstream" speakers of American English. All English-speaking nations are considered to have their own standard dialects, so it is customary to use the terms American English, South African English, British English (Queen's English) and so on, to refer to various national standard dialects. The concept of a standard dialect is strongly associated with the educational level of the speaker. Individuals with considerable formal education tend to speak the standard dialect of the nation in which they live.

Question 4

Culture is a statement about behaviors that are shared by a group of individuals.

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the customs, beliefs, values, and behaviors that are shared and transmitted by a group of individuals. It is a collective expression of how people live, interact, and make meaning of their world. Therefore, culture is a statement about shared behaviors within a group.

Question 5

What are the major grammatical differences between Spanish and English?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What are the major grammatical differences between African American Vernacular English and Standard American English?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

What are differences in dealing with authority and attitudes towards illness attributed to?

Accepted Answer

Differences in dealing with authority and attitudes towards illness are often attributed to implicit culture, which encompasses the unspoken, unwritten rules and norms of a society, including its attitudes and values towards authority and health.

Question 8

Discuss the ethical and legal concerns in providing intervention for children who are second language
learning. Refer to ASHA practice documents.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

What is meant by interference in the bilingual context?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

What is the likely outcome of a language assessment of a linguistically-culturally diverse child who is found to have competency in a language other than English but has limited competency in SAE?

Accepted Answer

If a child is competent in a language other than English but has limited competency in Standard Australian English (SAE), elective intervention may be offered to support the child's English language development, but it is not mandatory as the child does not have a language disorder.

Question 11

Discuss what is meant by "cultural competence". Why it is important for speech language pathologists and audiologists to be aware of their level of cultural competence?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

What is one concern with norm-referenced assessment measures employed in testing of culturally diverse students?

Accepted Answer

Norm-referenced assessment measures often have test items that are culturally biased, making it difficult to accurately assess culturally diverse students.

Question 13

In which dialect is the simplification of consonant clusters at the end of a word found?

Accepted Answer

The simplification of consonant clusters at the end of a word is a feature found in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) where final consonants are sometimes dropped or reduced, leading to words like "cold" being pronounced as "cole" and "left" being pronounced as "lef."

Question 14

Discuss the ethical and legal concerns in assessment of children with who are second language learners.
Refer to ASHA practice documents.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

What does the term "mixed vernacular" refer to?

Accepted Answer

The term "mixed vernacular" refers to a language that has resulted from the mixing of two or more different languages.

Question 16

Define accent and dialect.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Some vocabulary has crossed over from AAVE to SAE.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

AAVE is a systematic and rule governed dialect of SAE.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Frequent conversational interruptions are acceptable to speakers of AAVE.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Extending topics is seen as a valuable skill amongst certain Hispanic-American groups.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 9: Language and Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Children