Question 1

In verifying data quality of existing statistics Mr.Marsh discovers that the definition of Ȉwork injuryȈ varies across different agencies and time.This is an example of
A)validity.
B)reliability.
C)topic knowledge.
D)ecological fallacy.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Use of official existing statistics raises ethical issues regarding
A)the fact that they are social and political products.
B)confidentiality.
C)discovery.
D)environmental loopholes.

Accepted Answer

Official statistics are products of social and political decisions, and their collection and dissemination can be influenced by various factors, including the interests of those in power. This raises ethical issues about the potential for bias or manipulation of data for political gain.

Question 3

Which of the following are things a researcher would do to conduct a study with physical evidence?
A)Identify a physical evidence measure of a behavior of interest.
B)Compare the two variables of the hypothesis using quantitative data analysis.
C)Systematically record the physical evidence.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

To conduct a study with physical evidence, a researcher would need to identify a physical evidence measure of the behavior of interest, systematically record the physical evidence, and then compare the two variables of the hypothesis using quantitative data analysis. Therefore, all of the above choices are necessary steps for conducting a study with physical evidence.

Question 4

What are the advantages of quantitative nonreactive research?
A)Researchers have control over the data collection methods.
B)It is less expensive.
C)It is often faster and easier to collect data.
D)It gives solid results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the advantages of quantitative nonreactive...

Question 5

Content analysis is useful for
A)topics studied at a distance.
B)anyone who wants to learn about research.
C)only social scientists.
D)small,intricate details.

Accepted Answer

Content analysis is a research method that involves analyzing written, spoken, or visual communication, making it useful for studying topics that can be observed at a distance, such as media content or historical documents. It is not exclusive to social scientists and can be used by researchers in various fields. Content analysis can help identify small details and patterns within the larger content being studied.

Question 6

Content analysis cannot
A)determine the truthfulness of an assertion.
B)be the basis of research.
C)validate the researcher.
D)perform statistics of itself.

Accepted Answer

Content analysis can only analyze the words and meaning presented in a text, it cannot assess the truthfulness or accuracy of those words. This requires additional research methods such as fact-checking, and determining the credibility of the source.

Question 7

A limitation to use of the General Social Survey is
A)lack of photos.
B)infrequent publication.
C)General Social Survey questions are worded differently than a researcher wishes or has different answer choices.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A limitation to use of the General...

Question 8

Topic knowledge can limit research because
A)the topic is sports-related.
B)the researcher may get a lot of data that may lead to false interpretation.
C)the researcher quotes statistics in excess detail.
D)the researcher uses a lower unit than s/he should use.

Accepted Answer

If the researcher already has a lot of knowledge on the topic, they may be biased towards certain findings or overlook important information that does not align with their existing knowledge. This can lead to false interpretations and hinder the ability to fully explore and analyze the topic.

Question 9

Secondary data analysis is similar to existing statistics research in that
A)the methods require an enormous vocabulary.
B)the researcher analyzes data that someone else collected.
C)no computers are required.
D)all work must be done covertly.

Accepted Answer

Secondary data analysis involves using data that someone else has collected, which is similar to existing statistics research where researchers use previously collected data to analyze and draw conclusions from. The other choices are not accurate - the methods used in secondary data analysis may or may not require a large vocabulary, computers may or may not be required depending on the specific analysis being conducted, and covert work is not necessary for secondary data analysis.

Question 10

What challenge(s)does a researcher face in doing existing statistics research?
A)paying for the data,which can be quite expensive
B)being creative in thinking about how to turn the data into variables that can answer research questions
C)locating subjects
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Being creative in thinking about how to turn the data into variables that can answer research questions is a challenge that a researcher faces in doing existing statistics research.

Question 11

Social indicator is a measure of social conditions and
A)should be avoided in research.
B)can be used in policy decisions.
C)has no real use.
D)is generally meaningless to the public.

Accepted Answer

Social indicators can be used to inform policy decisions by providing quantifiable data on social conditions. They can be useful for identifying problems or areas of need, tracking changes over time, and evaluating the impact of interventions. Therefore, social indicators are important in research and policymaking.

Question 12

Dr.Mottle is comparing data across two cities.If she adjusts the measures by a common base,she is
A)creative.
B)standardizing the information.
C)is using ecological fallacy.
D)is using topic knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Standardizing the information by adjusting measures to a common base is a common statistical procedure that allows for a fair comparison of data across different categories or groups. This helps to eliminate biases and make valid conclusions about differences or similarities between the groups. Thus, option B is the correct answer. Option A is not appropriate as creativity is not relevant to this procedure. Option C is incorrect as the ecological fallacy refers to the assumption that the characteristics of individuals can be inferred from aggregated group data, which is not the case here. Option D is also incorrect as it is not related to standardizing information.

Question 13

Dr.Mottle is studying chiropractic journals to determine trends for use of ultrasound in chiropractic practice.As she researches this topic,she is counting the number of times that ȈultrasoundȈ appears in written text.What type of coding is she most likely using?
A)manifest coding
B)latent coding
C)content coding
D)reliability coding

Accepted Answer

Manifest coding involves counting the frequency of specific words or phrases in the text, such as "ultrasound" in this case.

Question 14

Identify one limitation of content analysis.
A)researcher competence
B)coderȇs attitude
C)interpret the contentȇs significance
D)define the details of the results

Accepted Answer

One limitation of content analysis is that it can be difficult to accurately interpret the significance of the content being analyzed. This can be due to a variety of factors such as the context in which the content was created, the language or cultural nuances involved, and the subjective nature of interpretation.

Question 15

Dr.Mottle is concerned that the information that was collected by one of the government agencies might have systematic errors in it limiting the___________of the information.
A)amount
B)reliability
C)validity
D)cost

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the accuracy or truthfulness of information. If there are systematic errors in the information collected by the government agency, then it is likely that the information is not completely valid.

Question 16

Text appears in all communication media,including
A)books.
B)speeches.
C)films.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Text appears in all communication media, including books, speeches, and films.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a limitation when using existing statistics?
A)timeliness of the input
B)reliability
C)validity
D)missing data

Accepted Answer

Timeliness of the input is not a limitation of using existing statistics; it refers to the relevance of the data at the time of its use. Limitations like reliability, validity, and missing data directly impact the quality and usability of existing statistics.

Question 18

What is the first step in conducting content analysis research?
A)formulate a research question
B)decide on units of analysis
C)draw a sample
D)create a coding system

Accepted Answer

The first step in conducting content analysis research is to formulate a research question. This will guide the selection of units of analysis, sampling, and coding system development. Without a research question, the content analysis could lack focus and direction.

Question 19

If a researcher contemplates conduct of an existing statistics research study,it would be a good idea for him/her to talk with a(n)___________first.
A)physician
B)author
C)information professional
D)clergy member

Accepted Answer

An information professional, such as a librarian or data analyst, would be the best choice to consult with regarding an existing statistics research study, as they have expertise in information management and analysis. Physicians, authors, and clergy members are not necessarily trained in statistics and may not be able to provide relevant advice.

Question 20

When measuring space in content analysis,a researcher
A)measures the size,volume,and amount of time or physical space.
B)does a topic analysis.
C)discusses the problem with another researcher.
D)does not use a coding system.

Accepted Answer

When measuring space in content analysis, a researcher measures the size, volume, and amount of time or physical space. This can include the length of an article, the amount of airtime given to a specific topic on a news program, or the number of pages in a book. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Quiz 8: Research With Non-Reactive Measures

In verifying data quality of existing statistics Mr.Marsh discovers that the definition of Ȉwork injuryȈ varies across different agencies and time.This is an example of

Use of official existing statistics raises ethical issues regarding

Which of the following are things a researcher would do to conduct a study with physical evidence?

What are the advantages of quantitative nonreactive research?

Content analysis is useful for

Content analysis cannot

A limitation to use of the General Social Survey is

Topic knowledge can limit research because

Secondary data analysis is similar to existing statistics research in that

What challenge(s) does a researcher face in doing existing statistics research?

Social indicator is a measure of social conditions and

Dr.Mottle is comparing data across two cities.If she adjusts the measures by a common base,she is

Dr.Mottle is studying chiropractic journals to determine trends for use of ultrasound in chiropractic practice.As she researches this topic,she is counting the number of times that ȈultrasoundȈ appears in written text.What type of coding is she most likely using?

Identify one limitation of content analysis.

Dr.Mottle is concerned that the information that was collected by one of the government agencies might have systematic errors in it limiting the___________of the information.

Text appears in all communication media,including

Which of the following is NOT a limitation when using existing statistics?

What is the first step in conducting content analysis research?

If a researcher contemplates conduct of an existing statistics research study,it would be a good idea for him/her to talk with a(n) ___________first.

When measuring space in content analysis,a researcher