Question 1

Computer-assisted instruction CAI) has several advantages over noncomputer-based programmed instruction PI). Which one of the following is not an advantage of CAI over PI?

Accepted Answer

PI can also provide immediate reinforcement, similar to CAI, through structured feedback mechanisms.

Question 2

Greg has terrible study habits: whenever he is given an assignment to be done either in class or at home, he doesn't begin the assignment until he has been repeatedly nagged by either his teacher or his parents. Furthermore, Greg seems unable to complete assignments without constant prodding to stay on task. Explain how you might use instrumental conditioning to help Greg develop better study habits. Be concrete and specific in your explanation of what you would do, and be sure to include each of the following in your description:
a. The baseline
b. The terminal behavior
c. A secondary reinforcer you might use
d. Shaping
e. Some means of preventing extinction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Greg has terrible study habits: whenever he...

Question 3

Three of the following are disadvantages of taxonomies and standards described in the textbook. Which of the following is not a disadvantage?

Accepted Answer

The disadvantage described in option D is not accurate. Taxonomies and standards do take into account students' different abilities, as they are designed to provide a framework for teachers to adapt and differentiate instruction based on individual student needs.

Question 4

Mrs. Sloan wanted to use behaviorist approaches in her classroom. She decided to test the students many times throughout her course. Which assessment practice is she employing?

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Sloan is using formative assessment, which involves ongoing testing and monitoring of students' progress throughout the course. This approach aligns with behaviorist theory, which emphasizes the importance of shaping and reinforcing desired behaviors through consistent feedback and reinforcement. Backward design, on the other hand, involves designing a curriculum by identifying desired learning outcomes first and then developing assessments and activities to achieve those outcomes. Summative assessment is typically used at the end of a unit or course to evaluate overall learning, while high-stakes tests are often used for accountability purposes and to make high-stakes decisions about students' futures.

Question 5

For which of the following students would behaviorist approaches to instruction be least helpful?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist approaches focus on reinforcement and conditioning, which may not be as necessary for Dana, who is already highly motivated and successful in her academic work.

Question 6

A variety of discipline-specific professional organizations have developed context area standards e.g., Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards) that educators might apply in identifying instructional objectives for a classroom or school district. Three of the following are accurate statements about these standards. Which one is not necessarily true?

Accepted Answer

While standards are based on research and the expert opinions of educators in a subject area, there may be ongoing debate about their appropriateness for certain ages or student populations. It is also possible that some standards may not be universally applicable or may need to be adapted for particular groups of students. Therefore, while standards provide a useful framework for curriculum planning, they should be used critically and in conjunction with ongoing assessment and evaluation of student needs and capacities.

Question 7

An instructional objective that requires students to rephrase a definition in their own words is at the ________ level in Bloom's taxonomy.

Accepted Answer

Rephrasing a definition in one's own words requires understanding or comprehension of the concept or term being defined. It involves the ability to explain the meaning of something in a way that is understandable to oneself or others. This falls under the comprehension level of Bloom's taxonomy.

Question 8

Over the years people have voiced many concerns about the use of behaviorist techniques in the classroom. Some of these concerns are legitimate, but others are not. What might you say in rebuttal when someone makes each of the following complaints?
a. "Why are you bribing students to learn their math facts?"
b. "Punishing children for inappropriate behavior will make them feel badly about themselves."
c. "When you reward a student for good behavior, you teach other students to misbehave so that they, too, can earn rewards."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over the years people have voiced many...

Question 9

An instructional objective that requires students to identify the different parts of speech in a sentence is at the ________ level in Bloom's taxonomy.

Accepted Answer

Identifying different parts of speech in a sentence requires students to break down the sentence into its constituent elements and examine their function, which aligns with the Analysis level in Bloom's taxonomy. This level involves dissecting information to understand its structure.

Question 10

Which one of the following is the best illustration of synthesis within Bloom's taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following is the...

Question 11

Research indicates that mastery learning approaches are superior to traditional instruction in several ways. Which one of the following conclusions should not be drawn on the basis of research on mastery learning?

Accepted Answer

While mastery learning has been shown to benefit all students, research does not suggest that high-ability students are the primary beneficiaries. In fact, mastery learning can be especially beneficial for struggling learners who may benefit from the opportunity to fully master material before moving on to new content.

Question 12

Ms. Longman is using programmed instruction in teaching her geography class. Which one of the following are students least likely to encounter in their instruction?

Accepted Answer

Programmed instruction is typically self-paced and designed to provide immediate and personalized feedback to students based on their responses. One-on-one interactions with the teacher would not be a typical feature of this type of instruction.

Question 13

In programmed instruction, a branching program is different from a linear program in that a branching program:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In programmed instruction, a branching program is...

Question 14

Which of the following statement is not true of high stakes testing?

Accepted Answer

The statement "They can only be implemented by trained behaviorists" is not true. High stakes testing can be implemented by educators with proper training and qualifications.

Question 15

The major advantage of using Bloom's taxonomy in developing objectives is that the taxonomy:

Accepted Answer

Bloom's taxonomy is designed to encourage educators to focus on higher-order thinking skills, such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation, in addition to basic factual knowledge.

Question 16

The director of the local boys' club is concerned about the hostility exhibited by Jeremy, a 14-year-old boy who comes to the club frequently with his friends. Jeremy uses obscene language at the club, and he sometimes displays physical aggression toward the club facilities he kicks furniture, punches the walls, and so on). Use an instrumental conditioning framework to address the following questions.
a. The director first decides to eliminate Jeremy's hostile behaviors by ignoring them. In behaviorist terminology, what is the director trying to do?
b. This ignoring strategy does not seem to lead to any reduction in Jeremy's hostility. Using an instrumental conditioning framework, give at least two possible explanations for the failure of the director's approach.
c. The director then begins to praise Jeremy on those rare occasions when he does behave appropriately. In behaviorist terminology, how is the director now trying to eliminate the hostility?
d. This second approach does not seem to work any better than the first one did. Using an instrumental conditioning framework, give at least two possible explanations for the failure of this approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The director of the local boys' club...

Question 17

Judging from the brief descriptions below, which of these four teachers is most likely to be using a mastery learning approach?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Carlton's approach of dividing the course into discrete units that students study at their own pace is indicative of a mastery learning approach. Students are able to master each unit before moving on to the next, and they are not held back by the pace of the rest of the class.

Question 18

A mastery learning approach would probably be most suitable for teaching:

Accepted Answer

Mastery learning is most suitable for subjects where foundational knowledge is essential, such as introductory Russian, where students need to master basic vocabulary and grammar before progressing.

Question 19

Ursula is always getting out of her seat at inappropriate times. As her teacher, you scold Ursula every time she does this, but her behavior seems to be getting worse rather than better.
a. From a behaviorist perspective, why is Ursula's getting-out-of-seat behavior increasing rather than decreasing?
b. How might you decrease her behavior by reinforcing an incompatible behavior? Describe your procedure in detail, specifying the reinforcer and the behavior you will reinforce.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ursula is always getting out of her...

Question 20

Judging from the brief descriptions below, which one of these four teachers is most likely to be using a mastery learning approach?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Dickson's insistence on each student passing the first unit exam at a set level before moving on to the second unit is indicative of a mastery learning approach, in which students are expected to achieve a certain level of proficiency before moving on to new material. The other options do not necessarily align with this approach.

Quiz 4: Applications of Behaviorist Principles

Computer-assisted instruction CAI) has several advantages over noncomputer-based programmed instruction PI) . Which one of the following is not an advantage of CAI over PI?