Question 1

Research findings on minor hassles suggest that the effects of stress are
A)cumulative or additive.
B)mutually exclusive.
C)overwhelming to everyone.
D)inversely related to the number of demands.

Accepted Answer

Research findings suggest that the effects of minor hassles are cumulative or additive, meaning that the more minor hassles a person experiences, the greater the impact on their stress levels and overall well-being. This is because even small stressors can build up over time and contribute to greater levels of stress and negative health outcomes.

Question 2

Crowding and noise have been identified as sources of that have been found to be correlated with elevated stress hormones.
A)acute stress
B)traumatic stress
C)ambient stress
D)rational stress

Accepted Answer

Ambient stress refers to stress caused by environmental factors such as noise, crowding, and pollution. This type of stress is chronic and ongoing rather than acute or traumatic, and has been found to be associated with increased cortisol levels.

Question 3

Threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no apparent time limit are referred to as
A)ambient stressors.
B)cultural stressors.
C)acute stressors.
D)chronic stressors.

Accepted Answer

Chronic stressors are events or situations that occur for a relatively long duration (weeks or months) and have no apparent time limit. These events can include ongoing financial difficulties, health problems, or taking care of someone who is chronically ill. Ambient stressors refer to constant low-level stressors, cultural stressors are a type of acute stressor that arise from cultural differences or clashes, and acute stressors are sudden and short-lived events such as a car accident or an unexpected job loss.

Question 4

Acute stressors
A)are threatening events that have a relatively short duration and clear endpoint.
B)are unpleasant environmental conditions to which one must adjust.
C)are conditions that have a relatively long duration and no apparent time limit.
D)always lead to physical illness.

Accepted Answer

Acute stressors are defined as threatening events that have a relatively short duration and clear endpoint. Examples include taking an exam or receiving unexpected news.

Question 5

has been a major source of stress in many urban areas such as Northern India.
A)Religious conflict
B)Crowding
C)Pre-attack overload
D)Coping deficiency

Accepted Answer

Crowding has been identified as a major source of stress in many urban areas, including Northern India, where the population density is particularly high. The overcrowding of public spaces, transportation systems, and housing units can contribute to a range of health problems and psychological stressors, including anxiety, depression, and aggression. Religious conflict, pre-attack overload, and coping deficiencies may also contribute to stress in some contexts, but crowding is a more consistent and pervasive source of stress in densely populated urban areas.

Question 6

The emerging consensus among contemporary researchers is that stress is
A)a stimulus event that presents difficult demands.
B)the response of physiological arousal elicited by a troublesome event.
C)a special stimulus-response transaction in which one feels threatened or experiences loss or harm.
D)a series of events that tend to elicit overwhelming feelings of anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The emerging consensus among contemporary researchers defines stress as a special stimulus-response transaction in which one feels threatened or experiences loss or harm. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice as it accurately defines stress according to contemporary research. Options A, B, and D are all partially correct but do not encompass the full definition of stress.

Question 7

Whether or not an event is stressful is most likely to depend on
A)how much physiological arousal it causes.
B)how much change there is.
C)how one appraises and adapts to the event.
D)whether one is prepared for the event.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that whether or not an event is considered stressful is largely based on an individual's perception and appraisal of the situation, as well as their ability to adapt to it. This is known as the transactional model of stress and coping. Factors such as physiological arousal, amount of change, and preparation may also play a role, but they are not the sole determinants of stress.

Question 8

One challenge faced by members of ethnic minorities in dealing with everyday discrimination is that manifestations of such discrimination are often
A)imaginary.
B)ambiguous.
C)minor.
D)consistent.

Accepted Answer

Manifestations of everyday discrimination can often be ambiguous, making it difficult for victims to identify and address the issue. It may not be as overt as explicit racism, but rather subtle and implicit behaviors or attitudes that make the victim feel in some way excluded or disadvantaged.

Question 9

According to psychologists,frustration occurs when
A)feelings of anger are aroused.
B)the pursuit of some goal is thwarted.
C)incompatible motivations are activated.
D)individuals perceive subjective threat.

Accepted Answer

Frustration occurs when the pursuit of some goal is thwarted, resulting in feelings of disappointment, discouragement, and even anger. In other words, when we are blocked from achieving a desired outcome or reaching a goal, we can feel frustrated. While anger may be a component of frustration, it is not the defining feature. Frustration can also result from other factors such as incompatible motivations or feeling a subjective threat.

Question 10

The four major types of stress described in your textbook are
A)pressure,anxiety,environment,and social demands.
B)frustration,anger,pressure,and change.
C)frustration,internal conflict,pressure,and change.
D)internal conflict,pressure,anxiety,and social demands.

Accepted Answer

The four major types of stress described in the textbook are frustration, internal conflict, pressure, and change. This is explained in chapter 3, which states that frustration occurs when we are prevented from achieving a goal, internal conflict arises from having to make a difficult decision, pressure comes from external demands or expectations, and change is a disruption of routine or familiar surroundings. Option A is incorrect because anxiety is not listed as one of the major types of stress. Option B is incorrect because anger is not listed as one of the major types of stress. Option D is incorrect because social demands are only one type of pressure and not a major type of stress.

Question 11

The notion that "stress lies in the eye of the beholder" suggests that
A)coping strategies tend to vary from individual to individual.
B)people's appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective.
C)there are certain events that just about everyone finds stressful.
D)the appraisal of stress generally involves the use of visual imagery.

Accepted Answer

The notion that "stress lies in the eye of the beholder" implies that people's subjective evaluations of situations determine whether or not they experience stress. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it acknowledges the subjectivity of appraisals of stressful events. Option A may be true, but it is not directly related to the notion mentioned. Option C is too general and not necessarily accurate. Option D is incorrect; appraisal of stress does not necessarily involve visual imagery.

Question 12

Which of the following may be a significant cause of stress for immigrants?
A)Covert discrimination
B)Overt interracial conflict
C)Acculturation
D)Effects of modernization

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following may be a...

Question 13

Secondary appraisal involves
A)making plans to avoid the situation.
B)tapping into your defense mechanisms.
C)determining if the threat is irrelevant to you.
D)evaluating your coping resources and options for dealing with stress.

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal involves evaluating your coping resources and options for dealing with stress. A and B are not accurate as making plans to avoid the situation would be a part of primary appraisal and defense mechanisms are not involved in secondary appraisal. C is partially correct but secondary appraisal also involves determining if the threat can be managed or coped with, rather than just being irrelevant.

Question 14

One accepted definition of stress is
A)any potentially upsetting event that occurs in one's environment.
B)any circumstance that threatens well-being and taxes coping abilities.
C)any negative change that occurs in the course of life.
D)anything that causes chronic illness in organisms.

Accepted Answer

This definition best captures the multifaceted nature of stress, which involves both environmental triggers and individual responses that can challenge one's ability to cope and maintain well-being. Option A is too broad and does not imply immediate negative effects, and option C and D are too narrow and not inclusive of all stressors.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding the nature of stress is correct?
A)Routine hassles may have significant negative effects on mental and physical health.
B)Major stressful events make up the majority of events that are stressful.
C)Most people effectively deal with everyday stress through the use of defense mechanisms.
D)Minor stressors always produce minor effects.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that routine daily hassles can lead to negative effects on both mental and physical health, such as increased risk for anxiety and cardiovascular disease. Major stressful events are not as common as daily hassles and may not have as significant or lasting effects on health. Defense mechanisms may help individuals cope with stress in the short term, but in the long term, they may not be effective and can even exacerbate stress. Minor stressors can also produce significant effects depending on an individual's perception and coping strategies.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a major source of stress described in your textbook?
A)Change
B)Internal conflict
C)Frustration
D)Socialization

Accepted Answer

The other three options (change, internal conflict, frustration) are identified in the textbook as major sources of stress, but socialization is not listed as a source of stress.

Question 17

Which of the following is a common kind of frustration leading to stress?
A)Anger
B)Anxiety
C)Losses
D)Subjective threat

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a common...

Question 18

Primary appraisal is an initial evaluation of whether an event is
A)imminent.
B)detrimental to one's health.
C)relevant and stressful.
D)expected.

Accepted Answer

Primary appraisal refers to the initial evaluation of whether an event is relevant and stressful. It involves assessing the potential significance of the event for one's well-being. The other options - imminent, detrimental to one's health, and expected - are not necessarily part of the primary appraisal process.

Question 19

The term "ambient stress" refers to
A)stress that seems to have no identifiable source.
B)specific situations in which stress is most likely to occur.
C)chronic environmental conditions that place adaptive demands on people.
D)stressful situations that result from demands placed on us by others.

Accepted Answer

Ambient stress refers to chronic environmental conditions that place adaptive demands on people, which can lead to long-term stress. Examples include noise pollution, air pollution, and crowding.

Question 20

Dealing with a rude store clerk and waiting for the results of an examination are two examples of
A)acute stressors.
B)ambient stressors.
C)environmental stressors.
D)chronic stressors.

Accepted Answer

Acute stressors are sudden and short-lived events that can cause stress, such as dealing with a rude store clerk. Waiting for the results of an examination can also be an acute stressor, but it can also be considered a chronic stressor if the waiting period is prolonged. Ambient stressors are constant and present in the environment (such as noise pollution), while environmental stressors can refer to physical or social factors in the environment that cause stress. Chronic stressors are prolonged and ongoing stressors, such as financial problems or ongoing health issues.

Quiz 3: Stress and Its Effects

Research findings on minor hassles suggest that the effects of stress are

Crowding and noise have been identified as sources of that have been found to be correlated with elevated stress hormones.

Threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no apparent time limit are referred to as

Acute stressors

has been a major source of stress in many urban areas such as Northern India.

The emerging consensus among contemporary researchers is that stress is

Whether or not an event is stressful is most likely to depend on

One challenge faced by members of ethnic minorities in dealing with everyday discrimination is that manifestations of such discrimination are often

According to psychologists,frustration occurs when

The four major types of stress described in your textbook are

The notion that "stress lies in the eye of the beholder" suggests that

Which of the following may be a significant cause of stress for immigrants?

Secondary appraisal involves

One accepted definition of stress is

Which of the following statements regarding the nature of stress is correct?

Which of the following is NOT a major source of stress described in your textbook?

Which of the following is a common kind of frustration leading to stress?

Primary appraisal is an initial evaluation of whether an event is

The term "ambient stress" refers to

Dealing with a rude store clerk and waiting for the results of an examination are two examples of