Question 1

______________ is characterized by a loss of vision in the area of the fovea,while results in the opposite (i.e. ,tunnel vision).

Accepted Answer

Macular degeneration is characterized by a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (area of the fovea), while retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by tunnel vision. Cataracts are a clouding of the eye's natural lens and do not typically affect specific areas of the visual field.

Question 2

Which of the following constitutes part of the retina's through pathway?

Accepted Answer

The through pathway of the retina includes the following steps: photoreceptors → bipolar cells → ganglion cells. Bipolar cells are the second step in this pathway, so they are a correct choice. Amacrine and horizontal cells are both involved in lateral inhibition in the retina, but they do not interact directly with the through pathway.

Question 3

When viewing an object at close distance,the lens becomes and the ciliary muscles are .

Accepted Answer

When viewing an object at close distance, the lens becomes thicker to increase its refractive power, and the ciliary muscles contract to allow this change in lens shape.

Question 4

Why is there often a trade-off between acuity and sensitivity in the responses of retinal ganglion cells? Put another way,why do retinal ganglion cells that exhibit high acuity also tend to have relatively low sensitivity to light,and vice versa?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is there often a trade-off between...

Question 5

Light is described as having a wave-particle duality.Explain one aspect of vision for which you must refer to light as a particle and a different aspect of vision for which you must refer to light as a wave.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Light is described as having a wave-particle...

Question 6

Light differs from other forms of electromagnetic radiation in that

Accepted Answer

Light is distinguished from other forms of electromagnetic radiation primarily by the fact that it falls within the visible spectrum, making it detectable by the human eye.

Question 7

In a pinch,should a person with mild presbyopia borrow glasses from their friend with myopia or hyperopia? Of course,it is not recommended that you borrow anyone's glasses,but for which visual disorder would the prescriptive correction be more similar to that for presbyopia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a pinch,should a person with mild...

Question 8

A complex web of connections goes from the photoreceptors to the retinal ganglion cells (in- cluding amacrine cells,horizontal cells,and bipolar cells).What is gained by the visual system from all this processing,rather than simply propagating (or passing forward)the basic signal initially transmitted from each photoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A complex web of connections goes from...

Question 9

The optic disk is also known as the

Accepted Answer

The optic disk is commonly referred to as the "blind spot" because it is the area on the retina where the optic nerve exits and there are no photoreceptor cells present.

Question 10

Starting at the center of fixation and working your way out to the visual periphery,describe the changes that occur in (a)visual acuity, (b)sensitivity to light,and (c)color discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Starting at the center of fixation and...

Question 11

Compare the focusing mechanism of the eye to that of a camera: How are they similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the focusing mechanism of the eye...

Question 12

The dark-adaptation curve indicates that after about 5 to 7 minutes in the dark

Accepted Answer

Cones adapt to darkness faster than rods and reach their maximum sensitivity within 5 to 7 minutes.

Question 13

Why is it so difficult to see both (a)when you first enter a darkened theater from the sunlit street,and (b)when you step out to a sunlit street from a darkened theater?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it so difficult to see...

Question 14

______________ is the name for a disorder of vision in which the intraocular pressure is too high.

Accepted Answer

Glaucoma is a disorder of vision in which the intraocular pressure is too high, causing damage to the optic nerve and potentially leading to blindness if left untreated. Astigmatism is a condition where the cornea or lens of the eye is irregularly shaped, causing blurred vision. Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, also resulting in blurred vision.

Question 15

The pupillary reflex is a(n)

Accepted Answer

The pupillary reflex is a response to changes in light intensity, causing the opening of the iris to either dilate or constrict in order to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. Choice B refers to the visual tracking reflex, and choice C refers to the accommodation reflex.

Question 16

Compared to animals with eyes on the sides of their heads (such as crocodiles),animals with eyes in front (such as humans)

Accepted Answer

Animals with eyes in front have overlapping fields of view, which allows for greater depth perception and the ability to judge distance more accurately. Animals with eyes on the sides of their heads have a wider field of view, but their perception of depth is poorer.

Question 17

Night-vision devices based on thermal imaging are most sensitive to

Accepted Answer

Night-vision devices based on thermal imaging are sensitive to infrared radiation, which is produced naturally by warm objects such as animals or humans.

Question 18

Which of the following disorders of vision can be treated with LASIK surgery?

Accepted Answer

LASIK surgery is commonly used to correct astigmatism. It reshapes the cornea to correct the irregular curvature that causes distorted vision. LASIK surgery is not used to treat cataracts or glaucoma.

Question 19

Describe the path of a single photon,from the time it is reflected to the eye,to the moment of transduction.What structures does it pass through,and how is its path altered at each step?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the path of a single photon,from...

Question 20

Your text describes the receptive field as it pertains to vision,but it also applies to other senses.Explain how you would map the receptive field for a neuron connected to touch receptors in an animal's back.(Assume you have already inserted an electrode that is registering the neuron's activity. )

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your text describes the receptive field as...

Quiz 2: Light and the Eyes

______________ is characterized by a loss of vision in the area of the fovea,while results in the opposite (i.e. ,tunnel vision) .