Question 1

Ralph, a white student who grew up in Alberta, is about to enter the university on an athletic scholarship. He assumes that many of his teammates will be black and also assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Ralph's attitude is best described as an example of______.

Accepted Answer

Ralph's attitude is a prejudiced one as he is making negative assumptions about his teammates based on their race without any actual evidence or experience with them.

Question 2

Which area of the brain, associated with empathy, tends to be more active when we think about people who are similar to ourselves?

Accepted Answer

The medial prefrontal cortex tends to be more active when we think about people who are similar to ourselves. This area of the brain is associated with personal identity and processing information about oneself and others who are similar to oneself.

Question 3

Imagine that you are travelling in a foreign country and a local person you meet there asks you "What are Canadians like?" If you respond, "Canadians are polite, loyal, and very friendly," this description relies on _____________ about Canadians.

Accepted Answer

A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people that may or may not be accurate. In this case, the description of Canadians as polite, loyal, and friendly is a common stereotype about Canadians.

Question 4

With respect to pseudoscience marketing techniques to falsely enhance persuasion, _______ emphasizes the false belief that what is natural is good.

Accepted Answer

The marketing technique of emphasizing the false belief that what is natural is good is called the natural commonplace. This technique is frequently used in pseudoscientific advertising to enhance persuasion among consumers.

Question 5

What term is used for a social group of people viewed as competitors, enemies, or different and unworthy of respect?

Accepted Answer

An out-group is a social group of people who are viewed as competitors, enemies, or different and unworthy of respect. An in-group, on the other hand, is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. The other two options (A and B) are not commonly used, and do not accurately describe the concept of a social group viewed as unworthy of respect.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a pseudoscience tactic commonly used in marketing?

Accepted Answer

Manufacturing source credibility refers to the creation of a false sense of authority or expertise in a product or service by using endorsements or testimonials from unqualified or non-existent sources. This is a common tactic used in pseudoscientific marketing to create a false sense of legitimacy for their claims. Implicit egoism, self-perception heuristic, and representativeness heuristic are not specifically related to pseudoscientific marketing tactics.

Question 7

________ is the assumption that behaviours among individual members of a group are due to internal dispositions of individuals within the group.

Accepted Answer

The ultimate attribution error is the assumption that behaviours among individual members of a group are due to internal dispositions of individuals within the group. This means that people tend to attribute the behaviour of an individual to their character rather than their surroundings or environment.

Question 8

The tendency to view all people outside of our group as highly similar refers to the

Accepted Answer

The out-group homogeneity bias refers to the tendency to view all people outside of our own social group as highly similar or monolithic. This can lead to stereotyping and prejudice against out-group members.

Question 9

With respect to pseudoscience marketing techniques to falsely enhance persuasion, _______ emphasizes the rareness of an item as a reason why we should purchase it.

Accepted Answer

The scarcity hypothesis is a marketing technique that suggests people value items that are rare or in limited supply more highly than those that are abundant or easily accessible. This creates a sense of urgency and exclusivity, which can lead to increased sales.

Question 10

Stereotypes reflect the presence of ______________ because they indicate the perception of an erroneous association between a group membership and having a particular characteristic.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes reflect the presence of illusory correlations because they indicate the perception of a false association between a group membership and having a particular characteristic. This can be due to a number of factors, including cognitive biases and limited exposure to diverse groups.

Question 11

You hear a friend make a statement that "People who commit murder must be mentally ill." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The ultimate attribution error involves making broad, negative generalizations about a person or group based on a single action or characteristic, such as assuming someone who commits a crime must be mentally ill.

Question 12

Drawing conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence is known as

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is defined as forming an opinion or judgment about a person or group of people without knowing all of the relevant facts or information. This can lead to negative attitudes and behaviors towards that person or group. Adaptive conservatism refers to the natural human tendency to resist change and stick to familiar ways of doing things. Discrimination involves treating individuals differently based on their membership in a particular group, often in a negative way. In-group bias refers to the tendency to favor members of one's own group over those who are outside of that group. While all of these concepts can play a role in forming opinions or judgments, prejudice specifically relates to drawing conclusions without full evaluation of evidence.

Question 13

What term is used for a belief about the characteristics of members of a group that are then applied generally to most members of the group?

Accepted Answer

A stereotype is a belief about the characteristics of members of a group that are then applied generally to most members of the group. Prejudice refers to a negative attitude towards a group or its members, while groupthink is a phenomenon in which group members strive for consensus at the expense of critical thinking. Illusionary correlation refers to the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables even when no relationship exists.

Question 14

Which pseudoscience marketing technique emphasizes the idea that if many people believe it, it must be true?

Accepted Answer

The consensus hypothesis is a pseudoscience marketing technique that emphasizes the idea that if many people believe it, it must be true. It relies on the false assumption that the popularity of a belief or claim is evidence of its validity.

Question 15

Dave is a Montreal Canadiens fan. He intensely dislikes the Toronto Maple Leafs. He celebrates with glee every time the Canadiens win and when the Leafs lose. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of in-group bias, as Dave is favoring and identifying strongly with his in-group (Montreal Canadiens) and showing negative feelings towards the out-group (Toronto Maple Leafs).

Question 16

Which pseudoscience marketing technique emphasizes the idea that Western scientists cannot fully capture the mystical side of us all?

Accepted Answer

The idea of a "goddess-within" emphasizes the mystical side of individuals and suggests that Western science cannot fully capture or understand it. This is a common pseudoscientific marketing technique used in various fields such as spirituality and self-help.

Question 17

Joey was recently in Edmonton to watch the Roughriders versus Eskimos game, and was wearing his Roughriders jersey to show his support. Although he attended the game by himself, he ended up talking to several other Saskatchewan fans in the audience near his seat, and they joked about how deluded the Eskimos fans were that they were going to win. In this example, Joey is engaging in _________________.

Accepted Answer

Joey is engaging in the in-group bias by identifying with his fellow Roughriders fans and making comments that disparage the opposing team's fans.

Question 18

Many people have a distrust of things or people that are new or different. This distrust, although not always logical, can protect us from new things that are dangerous. Which of the following terms is used for this type of distrust?

Accepted Answer

The term used for distrust of new or different things is adaptive conservatism, which is an evolutionary strategy to protect oneself from potential danger. Prejudice refers to a preconceived opinion or feeling about a group or individual, in-group bias is a tendency to favor one's own group over others, and discrimination refers to unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on their membership in a particular group.

Question 19

If you identify as being a student, then other students would be part of your

Accepted Answer

In-group refers to a group to which a person belongs, identifies with, or has loyalty toward. As a student, other students would be part of one's in-group.

Question 20

From an evolutionary perspective, the principle of _______________ helps to explain why we tend to form alliances with insiders and mistrust outsiders.

Accepted Answer

Adaptive conservatism is the evolutionary principle that explains why individuals might be predisposed to mistrust or avoid unfamiliar people or situations, as this could have historically helped in avoiding potential threats and fostering safety within familiar groups or environments.

Quiz 13: Social Psychology