Question 1

Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the inseparability of mind and body and recognizes the interaction of nature (biology) and nurture (environmental experiences) in influencing behavior and mental processes. The other options do not specifically emphasize both of these concepts.

Question 2

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive, which means that they

Accepted Answer

Dysfunctional behaviors interfere with normal day-to-day life, making them maladaptive. While they may also be socially unacceptable or differ from cultural norms, these factors are not essential criteria for maladaptive behavior. Additionally, dysfunctional behaviors can result from a variety of factors, not just genetic changes.

Question 3

The DSM-5's new diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Accepted Answer

The answer of The DSM-5's new diagnosis of disruptive mood...

Question 4

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Larry's difficulty with organizing and being easily distracted are symptoms commonly associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Social anxiety disorder involves excessive fear or worry about social situations, generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive worry and anxiety about a variety of things, and obsessive-compulsive disorder involves intrusive and distressing thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviors. None of these disorders align strongly with Larry's reported difficulties with organizing and completing work responsibilities.

Question 5

The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

Accepted Answer

The medical model focuses primarily on the biological or medical causes of psychological disorders, while neglecting the importance of social circumstances and psychological factors such as life experiences, trauma, and stressors. This has led to criticism of the model for being reductionistic and oversimplified.

Question 6

DSM-5 focuses on clinicians' reports of observable behavior in order to

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 aims to provide a reliable and consistent diagnostic system, and one way it achieves this is by focusing on observable behavior rather than on subjective experiences or self-reports. This helps to reduce the potential for individual bias in diagnoses and increases the reliability of the diagnostic process.

Question 7

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

Accepted Answer

The medical model views psychological disorders as sicknesses that require diagnosis and treatment. This model posits that disorders have biological and environmental causes and can be cured, managed, or treated with appropriate support and interventions.

Question 8

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are core symptoms of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) is characterized by obsessions and compulsions, but not necessarily inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) involves symptoms such as flashbacks, avoidance, and hyperarousal but not typically inattention or hyperactivity. DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder), also known as multiple personality disorder, involves the presence of two or more distinct personality states, rather than symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 9

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that occurs worldwide. While the prevalence and severity of symptoms may vary across cultures, the disorder itself is not culture-specific. Dissociative identity disorder is more common in North America, while anorexia nervosa is more common in Western cultures. Susto, a culture-specific syndrome characterized by anxiety and depression, is primarily found in Latin American cultures.

Question 10

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

Accepted Answer

ADHD is diagnosed less often in girls than in boys. After 1987, an increasing proportion of American children have been treated for ADHD.

Question 11

Professor McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The professor's emphasis on the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels suggests a consideration of biological, psychological, and social factors, which is indicative of a biopsychosocial approach. The medical model emphasizes the treatment of diseases through medication and surgery, the learning perspective focuses on the role of experience and environment in shaping behavior, and linkage analysis is a genetic research method used to identify genes that contribute to a particular trait or disorder.

Question 12

The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of

Accepted Answer

The discovery that syphilis infections can cause psychologically disordered behavior supported the medical model approach to mental illness, which emphasizes biological factors and treatments rather than psychological or social factors.

Question 13

Mental health workers label behavior as disordered when it

Accepted Answer

Mental health workers usually label behavior as disordered when it signifies a significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, emotions, or behaviors.

Question 14

Behavior is classified as disordered when it represents a significant dysfunction in

Accepted Answer

A mental disorder typically involves dysfunction in one or more of these areas: cognition, emotion, and behavior. Therefore, all of these aspects must be significantly impacted for the behavior to be classified as disordered.

Question 15

The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 is a classification system used to categorize and diagnose psychological disorders. It does not provide explanations for the causes or cures of these disorders, nor is it designed to prevent them.

Question 16

APA's diagnostic manual is used for several purposes, including

Accepted Answer

APA's diagnostic manual is used for all three purposes: providing descriptions of disorders, estimating how often a disorder occurs, and determining who is eligible for treatment. The diagnostic manual is utilized by mental health professionals to help diagnose and treat mental health disorders.

Question 17

Which of the following disorders most often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior?

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to often coexist with learning disorders and defiant and temper-prone behavior. Panic disorder, anorexia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are not typically associated with these behaviors.

Question 18

It would be most difficult to use the ________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

The medical model, which focuses on biological factors and medical explanations for disorders, would not provide much insight into why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures, as this is likely influenced by socio-cultural factors rather than strictly biological ones. The other perspectives listed (learning, social-cognitive, biopsychosocial) may provide more insight into the cultural factors that contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa.

Question 19

The DSM-5 does NOT

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 does not explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.

Question 20

The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession is that these explanations

Accepted Answer

Explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession often led to harsh and ineffective remedial treatments, such as exorcisms and other forms of torture. This approach also shifted the focus away from evidence-based treatments and placed the blame for psychological distress on supernatural forces, rather than taking personal responsibility for one's own behavior.

Quiz 47: Introduction to Psychological Disorders