Historical Comparison: What key developments separated the modern era from the fifteenth century?

Question

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The Answer is •Beginning in the sixteenth century,a set of truly global relationships emerged that linked the previously separate Afro-Eurasian,American,and Pacific zones of interaction.
•A radically new kind of human society took shape,first in Europe in the nineteenth century and then in various places elsewhere in the world;the core feature of such societies was industrialization,rooted in a sustained growth of technological innovation.
•Rapid and unprecedented growth in human population accompanied this industrial or economic revolution.
•Modern societies were far more urbanized and much more commercialized than ever before and gave prominence and power to holders of urban wealth,at the expense of rural landowning elites.
•States became more powerful and intrusive and offered more of their people an opportunity to play an active role in public and political life.
•Literacy in modern societies was far more widespread than ever before.
•New national identities became increasingly prominent.
•To the mix of established religious ideas and folk traditions were now added the challenging outlook and values of modern science,with its secular emphasis on the ability of human rationality to know and manipulate the world.
•European peoples became far more prominent on the global stage.

Historical Comparison: What Key Developments Separated the Modern Era from the Fifteenth