Question 1

Feminist researchers recommend asking ________ questions to take into account the __________ of gender research.

Accepted Answer

Feminist researchers often emphasize the complexity of gender research, suggesting that a multifaceted approach is necessary to fully understand and address the nuances involved. Asking four questions allows for a more comprehensive exploration of gender issues.

Question 2

A nursery rhyme about girls and boys includes such phrases as "sugar and spice and everything nice" to describe girls,and "snips and snails and puppy dog tails" to describe boys.This is an example of the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Malia was recently awarded 1 million dollars from the National Institutes of Health to study pain at the molecular level.One stipulation of the grant is that she include equal numbers of women and men participants in her sample to test for variance among women and men.This is an example of the ____________ approach to research.

Accepted Answer

This grant stipulates that Malia include equal numbers of women and men participants in her sample to test for variance among women and men. This is an example of the differences approach to research, which focuses on identifying and understanding differences between groups, in this case between men and women, in order to better inform treatment and intervention strategies.

Question 4

If gender differences are universal,then

Accepted Answer

If gender differences are universal, it means that they are consistent across cultures and societies regardless of race or socioeconomic status. Therefore, choice D is the best answer. However, research on gender differences and similarities will still be valuable to understand the variations within these universal differences. Gender essentialism, the belief that gender differences are biologically inherent and immutable, may or may not be confirmed depending on the specific findings of the research.

Question 5

Feminist psychologist Rhoda Unger moved the discussion away from gender essentialism by making the distinction between sex and gender to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

Rhoda Unger's distinction between sex and gender was to shift attention towards the social and cultural factors that create and maintain gender differences, rather than simply attributing them to biological differences. This supports the idea that sexist socialization practices play a significant role in the development of gender differences.

Question 6

The popular media often use research findings about gender differences to reinforce which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The popular media often use research findings about gender differences to reinforce gender stereotypes, which are widely held beliefs about the characteristics that are expected to be true of males and females. These beliefs are often oversimplified and not necessarily accurate, and they can have negative consequences for individuals who do not conform to gender norms. Therefore, reinforcing gender stereotypes can be harmful and contribute to inequality and discrimination.

Question 7

People who adopt the _______________ perspective believe women and men are essentially different,whereas __________________ is used to support social causes that affect women disproportionately.

Accepted Answer

The first blank should be filled with "differences" because the sentence sets up a contrast between two perspectives. The second blank should be filled with "strategic essentialism" because this is a concept used in feminist theory to strategically position women as a unified group in order to advance social causes that affect them disproportionately. Cultural feminism, on the other hand, emphasizes the unique qualities and strengths of women and often sees women as innately nurturing and peaceful.

Question 8

The belief that because women and men have biological differences,they must also have differences in behavior,attitudes,goals,talents,and skills is known as

Accepted Answer

Gender essentialism is the belief that differences between genders stem from essential, inherent, and immutable qualities that are biologically determined. This can lead to the reinforcement of stereotypes and discrimination against individuals who do not fit into traditional gender roles.

Question 9

What do the terms "categorical" and "dimensional" mean when used in research on differences?

Accepted Answer

When used in research on differences, "categorical" refers to a binary or categorical approach where individuals are grouped based on distinct categories or classifications. For example, in gender research, individuals may be classified as either male or female. "Dimensional" refers to a continuous or more nuanced approach where individuals are placed on a spectrum or continuum. For example, in personality research, individuals may score differently on several dimensions such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The best choice is B because it accurately describes the difference between the two terms and provides an example of their application in research on gender and personality.

Question 10

Sonia only reads books like Men Are from Mars,Women Are from Venus.This would suggest that Sonia overlooks how women and men may be

Accepted Answer

Books like "Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus" emphasize the differences between men and women, suggesting that Sonia might overlook how they can be similar to each other.

Question 11

The biopsychosocial model is useful for understanding the lives of girls and women because it

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model considers how biological, psychological, and social aspects interact with one another, making it useful for understanding the complex lives of girls and women. It acknowledges that individuals are not solely products of their genetics or environment, but rather a combination of both, which is particularly relevant for understanding gender differences and the unique experiences of girls and women. The model is not focused on privileging one aspect above the others or examining benevolent sexism.

Question 12

Adam and Alexandra are debating the origins of gender differences life outcomes.Adam argues that because women give birth,they are predisposed to staying home to raise children,or if they are driven to work outside the home,they are better suited to be nurses than doctors.Alexandra points to feminist psychologists' work on gender socialization,noting that sex and gender are not the same thing.Adam's explanation is based in _______________,whereas Alexandra considers the _______________ model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adam and Alexandra are debating the origins...

Question 13

According to the evolutionary perspective on gender differences,modern examples of the ________________ include men being more invested in short-term mating strategies,such as hookups and flings.

Accepted Answer

The sexual strategies theory, which is a part of the evolutionary perspective on gender differences, proposes that men and women adapt different strategies in mating due to the different amount of energy they invest in reproduction. According to this theory, men are more likely to engage in short-term mating strategies, such as hookups and flings, to maximize their reproductive success. Therefore, the best choice is D, sexual strategies theory.

Question 14

A counter evolutionary argument to the sexual strategies theory is the ___________________,which asserts that a man may do better by mating with and remaining monogamous to one woman to ensure the survival of his offspring.

Accepted Answer

The attachment fertility theory argues that men can increase their reproductive success by developing long-term relationships with a single woman and investing in the survival and well-being of their offspring. This strategy may be more effective than pursuing multiple sexual partners, as it ensures that the man's genetic material is passed on to the next generation and that his offspring have a better chance of survival and reproductive success. This theory challenges the idea that men are inherently promiscuous and suggests that monogamous behavior can be a successful reproductive strategy for men.

Question 15

Keisha is a feminist psychologist whose research questions test the idea that women and men can be equally good caretakers.She argues that,when girls and boys are similarly socialized to care for others,they are just as likely in adulthood to offer nurturing behaviors to others.Her approach to research on women and men would be considered the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Keisha's research focuses on the idea that men and women can be equally good caretakers, emphasizing the similarities between genders rather than their differences. This approach aligns with the similarities perspective, which highlights how men and women are alike in many psychological processes.

Question 16

Why did early feminist psychologists begin to question approaches to research on gender similarities and differences?

Accepted Answer

Early feminist psychologists began to question approaches to research on gender similarities and differences because they were concerned that this singular focus would legitimate the belief that gender similarities and differences are important. They believed that this could lead to the perpetuation of gender stereotypes and discrimination.

Question 17

Rhoda Unger argued for the distinction between sex and gender to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Rhoda Unger argued for the distinction between sex and gender in order to push the field of psychology away from biological essentialism, which tends to reduce people to their biology and overlooks the social and cultural factors that shape people's experiences and behaviors.

Question 18

Even if observed gender differences are consistent across contexts and represent categorical differences among women and men,the _____________ of those differences may not be clear.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is "source" because it refers to the origin or cause of the observed gender differences, which may not be clear even if the differences themselves are consistent and categorical.

Question 19

Why do feminist researchers recommend asking four questions about differences?

Accepted Answer

Feminist researchers recommend asking four questions about differences to account for intersecting identities, which may change a woman or man's experience. This approach acknowledges that gender is not the only factor that defines an individual's experiences or identities. By considering other aspects such as race, ethnicity, sexuality, and social class, researchers can better understand the complexities and nuances of gender and its impact on people's lives.

Question 20

Justifying gender essentialism by citing biological differences is known as

Accepted Answer

This is because justifying gender essentialism with biological differences assumes that behavior and cognitive abilities are inherently linked to biological sex, which is an inaccurate and limiting view of gender. This view has been termed "neurosexism" by some scholars.

Quiz 3: Similarities and Differences

Feminist researchers recommend asking questions to take into account the __ of gender research.