Question 1

Which of the following is least related to connective tissue?
A) thymus
B) bone
C) blood
D) tendon
E) elastin

Accepted Answer

The thymus is an organ of the immune system located in the upper chest and is not considered a type of connective tissue. The other options are all examples of connective tissue.

Question 2

Calcium is stored mainly in the ____ system.
A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) integumentary
D) muscular
E) skeletal

Accepted Answer

Calcium is primarily stored in the skeletal system as it is an essential component of bones and teeth. While it is also involved in other body systems such as the muscular and endocrine systems, these are not primary storage sites for calcium. The digestive system is involved in absorbing calcium from food, but it is not a storage site. The integumentary system (skin) does not play a role in calcium storage.

Question 3

Which of the following factors of the internal environment are homeostatically maintained?
A) concentration of nutrient molecules
B) concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide
C) pH
D) temperature
E) all of these

Accepted Answer

All of these factors (concentration of nutrient molecules, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, and temperature) are homeostatically maintained in the internal environment of the body. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. The body uses a variety of mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, including feedback loops, hormone regulation, and nervous system responses.

Question 4

Select the incorrect statement about connective tissue.
A) Bone is an example.
B) Blood is an example.
C) Elastin may be found in the extracellular material.
D) It has tightly-packed cells.
E) It is a primary tissue type.

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue typically has loosely-packed cells separated by an extracellular matrix. It is not characterized by tightly-packed cells.

Question 5

Evaporation of sweat cooling the body is an example of
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) a feedforward mechanism
D) an intrinsic (local) control mechanism
E) autoregulation

Accepted Answer

Evaporation of sweat cooling the body is an example of negative feedback because it is a response to a change (increase in body temperature) that causes the body to return to its normal or set point temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?
A) A low grade on an exam causes a student to study harder for the next exam.
B) A small stone rolls down a hill and starts an avalanche.
C) A person goes to eat in the cafeteria when he/she gets hungry.
D) You change a flat tire so you can continue on a journey in your car.
E) A person's body shivers after the person falls into a cold river.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback is a process in which the output of a system dampens or reverses the input. In option B, a small stone rolling down a hill and starting an avalanche is an example of positive feedback as the output amplifies or magnifies the input. All the other options are examples of negative feedback. A low grade motivates the student to study harder, going to eat in the cafeteria satisfies hunger, changing a flat tire allows the journey to continue, and shivering is a response that helps the body generate heat in response to cold.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is incorrect?
A) It exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change.
B) It exists when the input to a system increases the output and the output inhibits the input.
C) The control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.
D) It is the method by which most of the body's control mechanisms operate.
E) It helps maintain the body's dynamic, steady state.

Accepted Answer

The statement "The control system's input and output continue to enhance each other" is incorrect because negative feedback works to counteract any changes in the regulated variable, not to enhance them.

Question 8

Select the incorrect association.
A) anatomy/body structure
B) human body/multicellular
C) oxygen/cell waste product
D) physiology/body function
E) unicellular/one-celled

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is not a waste product of cells; it is essential for cellular respiration, while carbon dioxide is a waste product.

Question 9

The respiratory system A) obtains O₂ from and eliminates CO₂ to the internal environment B) includes the heart and lungs C) helps regulate the pH of the internal environment by removing acid-forming CO₂ from the blood D) all of the these E) obtains O₂ from and eliminates CO₂ to the internal environment and helps regulate the pH of the internal environment by removing acid-forming CO₂ from the blood

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system helps regulate the pH of the internal environment by removing acid-forming CO2 from the blood. It does not include the heart, which is part of the circulatory system.

Question 10

The internal environment
A) is not in direct contact with the body's cells
B) consists of the intracellular fluid
C) must be maintained at absolutely unchanging composition, temperature, and volume for survival of the body
D) is in direct contact with the body's cells and consists of the extracellular fluid
E) consists of the intracellular fluid and must be maintained at absolutely unchanging composition, temperature, and volume for survival of the body

Accepted Answer

The internal environment is in direct contact with the body's cells and consists of the extracellular fluid. While maintaining proper composition, temperature, and volume is important for the body's homeostasis, it does not need to be absolutely unchanging for survival. Choice A is incorrect because the internal environment is in direct contact with the body's cells. Choice B is incorrect because the intracellular fluid is not part of the internal environment. Choice C is incorrect because the internal environment does not need to be absolutely unchanging for survival. Choice E is incorrect because the internal environment consists of the extracellular fluid, not just the intracellular fluid.

Question 11

When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which influence?
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) extrinsic control
D) negative feedback and extrinsic control
E) none of these

Accepted Answer

When a blood capillary is cut, the clotting process is initiated through positive feedback. Platelets are attracted to the site of injury and release chemicals that cause more platelets to aggregate and form a plug. This plug then releases more chemicals that activate the coagulation cascade and lead to the formation of a fibrin clot. Positive feedback means that the response reinforces or amplifies the initial event (in this case, the formation of the plug), and this is crucial for effective hemostasis.

Question 12

Extracellular fluid
A) is the internal environment of the body
B) is outside the cells but inside the body
C) consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid
D) exhibits a dynamic steady state in regard to composition, temperature, and volume
E) all of these

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid is the internal environment of the body that is outside the cells but inside the body. It consists of plasma and interstitial fluid and exhibits a dynamic steady state in regard to composition, temperature, and volume. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Question 13

Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization in a human?
A) cell-organ-tissue-system-organism
B) cell-tissue-organ-system-organism
C) tissue-cell-system-organism-organ
D) organ-tissue-cell-organism-system
E) system-cell-organ-organism-tissue

Accepted Answer

The correct hierarchy of biological organization in a human is cell-tissue-organ-system-organism. This means that cells are the basic unit of life, tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function, organs are made up of tissues and perform specific functions in the body, systems are made of multiple organs that work together to perform a larger function, and organisms are made up of multiple systems that work together to maintain life. Choice B correctly represents this hierarchy.

Question 14

The outer layer of the skin consists of ____ tissue.
A) connective
B) endocrine
C) epithelial
D) muscle
E) nervous

Accepted Answer

The outermost layer of the skin is called the epidermis, which is composed of epithelial tissue. This layer of the skin acts as a barrier to help protect the body from external factors such as infection, dehydration, and UV radiation. The other tissue types listed do not make up the outer layer of the skin.

Question 15

Identify the characteristics associated with endocrine glands.
A) lack ducts
B) secrete chemicals directly into the blood
C) derived from epithelial tissue
D) include the parathyroids
E) all of these

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands lack ducts, secrete their products (hormones) directly into the blood, are derived from epithelial tissue, and include the parathyroids. Therefore, all of these characteristics are associated with endocrine glands.

Question 16

Nutrients and oxygen are distributed through the body mainly by the ____ system.
A) circulatory
B) digestive
C) endocrine
D) integumentary
E) skeletal

Accepted Answer

The circulatory system, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, transports nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body. The digestive system processes food and extracts nutrients, but the actual distribution of those nutrients occurs through the circulatory system. The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, but these hormones are also transported through the circulatory system to target cells. The integumentary system (skin, hair, nails) serves as a barrier and regulates body temperature, but it does not play a significant role in nutrient and oxygen distribution. The skeletal system provides support and protection to the body and produces blood cells, but it is not directly involved in nutrient and oxygen distribution.

Question 17

The two systems concerned with the control of body functioning are:
A) nervous and respiratory
B) nervous and endocrine
C) endocrine and respiratory
D) endocrine and lymphatic
E) circulatory and endocrine

Accepted Answer

The nervous and endocrine systems are responsible for the control of body functioning. The nervous system sends electrical signals to directly control and coordinate body functions, while the endocrine system secretes hormones that regulate body functions more slowly over time. The respiratory system primarily deals with the exchange of gases, while the lymphatic and circulatory systems aid in immune function and transport, respectively.

Question 18

The term smooth refers to a type of ____ tissue.
A) connective
B) epithelial
C) glandular
D) muscle
E) nervous

Accepted Answer

Smooth tissue refers to smooth muscle tissue, which is responsible for involuntary movements such as those in the digestive system and blood vessels.

Question 19

Which of the following body systems is not directed entirely toward maintaining homeostasis?
A) reproductive system
B) endocrine system
C) nervous system
D) all of these
E) reproductive and nervous systems

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following body systems is...

Question 20

Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological phenomenon?
A) A person breathes to obtain oxygen.
B) A person sweats to cool off.
C) A person's stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the nervous system.
D) A person's heart beats to pump blood.
E) A person's kidneys produce urine to eliminate wastes from the body.

Accepted Answer

A mechanistic explanation describes the cause-and-effect relationship between a physiological phenomenon and the mechanisms that produce it. In this case, the secretion of digestive juices in the stomach is a result of neural stimulation, which is a specific mechanism. The other options provide teleological explanations, which describe the purpose or goal of a physiological phenomenon, but do not explain the underlying mechanisms.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Which of the following is least related to connective tissue?

Calcium is stored mainly in the ____ system.

Which of the following factors of the internal environment are homeostatically maintained?

Select the incorrect statement about connective tissue.

Evaporation of sweat cooling the body is an example of

Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is incorrect?

Select the incorrect association.

The respiratory system

The internal environment

When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which influence?

Extracellular fluid

Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization in a human?

The outer layer of the skin consists of ____ tissue.

Identify the characteristics associated with endocrine glands.

Nutrients and oxygen are distributed through the body mainly by the ____ system.

The two systems concerned with the control of body functioning are:

The term smooth refers to a type of ____ tissue.

Which of the following body systems is not directed entirely toward maintaining homeostasis?

Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological phenomenon?