Question 1

Milgram's studies explored _____; Asch's studies explored _____.
A) obedience; conformity
B) conformity; norm formation
C) obedience; norm formation
D) conformity; obedience

Accepted Answer

Milgram's studies were focused on obedience to authority, while Asch's studies were focused on conformity to group pressure. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 2

Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing, is called
A) obedience.
B) acceptance.
C) cohesiveness.
D) compliance.

Accepted Answer

Compliance involves publicly going along with a request or demand, while privately disagreeing or holding a different opinion. This can happen because of social pressure, fear of negative consequences, or a desire to please others. In contrast, obedience involves following instructions or orders from a perceived authority figure, while acceptance refers to genuinely agreeing with and adopting a particular viewpoint or behavior. Cohesiveness describes the degree of unity or connection within a group.

Question 3

In the context of conformity, Asch's experiments lacked _____ but did possess _____.
A) experimental realism; mundane realism
B) mundane realism; experimental realism
C) validity; reliability
D) reliability; validity

Accepted Answer

Asch's experiments lacked mundane realism (the degree to which the experimental situation resembles everyday situations) but did possess experimental realism (the degree to which participants perceive the experiment as a realistic depiction of a real-life situation). Asch's research involved participants making judgments about the length of lines, which is not a typical real-world scenario.

Question 4

When our behavior is a result of our boss telling us to do something, it is a form of
A) obedience.
B) cohesiveness.
C) progression.
D) reactance.

Accepted Answer

When we follow the instructions and orders of our boss or someone in a position of authority, it is an example of obedience. Cohesiveness refers to the sense of belonging and togetherness that comes from being part of a group. Progression refers to moving forward or making progress towards a goal. Reactance is a psychological reaction to feeling that our freedom or autonomy is being threatened, leading us to do the opposite of what we are being told.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a reason we yawn?
A) calmness
B) tension release
C) sleepiness
D) see others yawn

Accepted Answer

Calmness is not a reason we yawn. Yawning is associated with sleepiness, tension release, and contagiousness (seeing others yawn).

Question 6

While control participants were correct about line-length judgments more than 99 percent of the time in Asch's conformity study, his naive participants conformed to the incorrect judgments of others ___ percent of the time.
A) 12
B) 37
C) 65
D) 87

Accepted Answer

In Asch's conformity experiments, naive participants conformed to the incorrect judgments of the group about 37 percent of the time.

Question 7

According to Tanya Chartrand and John Bargh, mimicking someone else's behavior is known as _____.
A) the chameleon effect
B) the looking-glass self-effect
C) the false consensus effect
D) the false uniqueness effect

Accepted Answer

Mimicking someone else's behavior is known as the chameleon effect, as coined by Chartrand and Bargh. The looking-glass self-effect refers to the concept of how we see ourselves through the eyes of others, while the false consensus effect and the false uniqueness effect refers to cognitive biases related to how we perceive our own beliefs and behaviors in comparison to others.

Question 8

Acting in accord with a direct order or command is called
A) obedience.
B) cohesiveness.
C) progression.
D) reactance.

Accepted Answer

Obedience refers to following a direct order or command from someone in a position of authority. Cohesiveness refers to the degree of unity within a group, progression refers to the act of moving forward or advancing, and reactance refers to the psychological phenomenon where people resist attempts to influence their behaviors or attitudes.

Question 9

Suggestibility to problems that spreads throughout a large group of people is known as
A) collective narcissism.
B) social influence.
C) groupthink.
D) mass hysteria.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described of suggestibility spreading throughout a large group of people is known as mass hysteria. This can occur when people become convinced that they are experiencing symptoms of a disease or condition, for example, even if there is no actual physical basis for their symptoms. This can happen in situations of high stress or anxiety, and can be further fueled by social and media influence. Collective narcissism, groupthink, and social influence are related but do not necessarily refer to the same phenomenon as mass hysteria.

Question 10

A classmate across the room yawns and then several other students yawn. This is an example of
A) informational influence.
B) the false consensus effect.
C) group cohesion.
D) the chameleon effect.

Accepted Answer

The behavior of yawning after seeing someone else yawn is known as the chameleon effect, where individuals unconsciously imitate the behaviors of those around them. This can happen in groups or social situations where individuals may feel the need to conform to social norms.

Question 11

If you clean your room only because your parents order you to, your behavior is most likely a form of
A) obedience.
B) cohesiveness.
C) progression.
D) conciliation.

Accepted Answer

Obedience refers to following the orders or directions of someone in authority, such as parents.

Question 12

After hearing a great deal about the benefits of soy products from your friends, you decide to drink soy milk instead of cow's milk. Your behavior is an example of
A) obedience.
B) acceptance.
C) progression.
D) commonality.

Accepted Answer

Acceptance, as the individual has chosen to adopt a new behavior based on the persuasion of others.

Question 13

A change in behavior or belief to accord with others is called
A) conciliation.
B) commonality.
C) conformity.
D) deindividuation.

Accepted Answer

Conformity is the act of changing one's behavior or belief to align with the attitudes or actions of a group. The other choices are not relevant to this definition.

Question 14

Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is called
A) obedience.
B) acceptance.
C) reactance.
D) compliance.

Accepted Answer

Conformity involving both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is known as acceptance. Obedience involves complying with the instructions or orders of an authority figure, compliance involves going along with a request or demand from another individual, and reactance is a response to efforts to control or limit one's behavior.

Question 15

A year after his original study, Sherif's participants were retested alone and gave answers that supported the original group's norm. This suggests that the process involved
A) progression.
B) compliance.
C) obedience.
D) acceptance.

Accepted Answer

The fact that participants gave answers that supported the original group's norm even when retested alone suggests that they had accepted the group's norm as their own, indicating the process involved in acceptance rather than compliance or obedience. Progression is not a relevant concept in this context.

Question 16

After hearing so much about the dangers of smoking cigarettes from the media and seeing numbers of people who quit the habit, Jacob finally realizes that smoking is dangerous and therefore he quits. His behavior is an example of
A) obedience.
B) acceptance.
C) reactance.
D) compliance.

Accepted Answer

Jacob has come to accept the idea that smoking is dangerous and has therefore changed his behavior to quit. This is an example of acceptance, as he has internalized the message and made a voluntary choice to change his behavior. The other options do not fit as well - obedience suggests responding to an external authority, compliance suggests acting in response to social pressure, and reactance suggests a negative reaction to attempts to influence behavior.

Question 17

Sherif is to the study of _____ as Asch is to the study of _____.
A) conformity; compliance
B) compliance; conformity
C) group pressure; norm formation
D) norm formation; group pressure

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sherif is to the study of _____...

Question 18

In 2006, a character on a Portuguese TV show popular with teenagers suffered from a mysterious illness involving a rash, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Soon after the episode aired students at 14 schools reported the same symptoms. This is an example of
A) the false uniqueness effect.
B) mass hysteria.
C) psychological reactance.
D) attitude polarization.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms reported by the students were likely not caused by an actual illness, but rather by a shared belief or anxiety triggered by the TV show. This is known as mass hysteria, or mass psychogenic illness.

Question 19

Chartrand and Bargh (1999) found that participants in an experiment who worked alongside another person who occasionally rubbed her face were unwittingly more likely to rub their face. They called this
A) the chameleon effect.
B) mood linkage.
C) the false consensus effect.
D) automatic processing.

Accepted Answer

Chartrand and Bargh (1999) coined the term "chameleon effect" to describe the phenomenon of people unconsciously mimicking the nonverbal behaviors of those around them. This includes actions like rubbing one's face, crossing one's legs, or nodding in agreement.

Question 20

In Western individualistic societies, the word "conformity" carries
A) a positive connotation.
B) a negative connotation.
C) a neutral connotation.
D) both positive and negative connotations.

Accepted Answer

In Western individualistic societies, the word "conformity" typically carries a negative connotation as it is seen as sacrificing one's personal preferences, beliefs, and behaviors to fit in with a group or societal norms. It is often associated with a lack of individuality and creativity.

Quiz 6: Sensation and Perception

Milgram's studies explored _; Asch's studies explored _.

Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing, is called

In the context of conformity, Asch's experiments lacked _ but did possess _.

When our behavior is a result of our boss telling us to do something, it is a form of

Which of the following is NOT a reason we yawn?

While control participants were correct about line-length judgments more than 99 percent of the time in Asch's conformity study, his naive participants conformed to the incorrect judgments of others ___ percent of the time.

According to Tanya Chartrand and John Bargh, mimicking someone else's behavior is known as _____.

Acting in accord with a direct order or command is called

Suggestibility to problems that spreads throughout a large group of people is known as

A classmate across the room yawns and then several other students yawn. This is an example of

If you clean your room only because your parents order you to, your behavior is most likely a form of

After hearing a great deal about the benefits of soy products from your friends, you decide to drink soy milk instead of cow's milk. Your behavior is an example of

A change in behavior or belief to accord with others is called

Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is called

A year after his original study, Sherif's participants were retested alone and gave answers that supported the original group's norm. This suggests that the process involved

After hearing so much about the dangers of smoking cigarettes from the media and seeing numbers of people who quit the habit, Jacob finally realizes that smoking is dangerous and therefore he quits. His behavior is an example of

Sherif is to the study of _ as Asch is to the study of _.

In 2006, a character on a Portuguese TV show popular with teenagers suffered from a mysterious illness involving a rash, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Soon after the episode aired students at 14 schools reported the same symptoms. This is an example of

Chartrand and Bargh (1999) found that participants in an experiment who worked alongside another person who occasionally rubbed her face were unwittingly more likely to rub their face. They called this

In Western individualistic societies, the word "conformity" carries