Question 1

According to the text,how has routine activities theory been applied to risk of victimization by online predators?

Accepted Answer

Routine activities theory suggests that victimization occurs when there is a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. In the context of online predation, individuals with low self-esteem may be more likely to engage in risky online behavior and have fewer privacy settings in place, making them a suitable target for predators.

Question 2

Ripping is the use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g.,online movie)to a hard disk,for the purposes of resale or redistribution.

Accepted Answer

Ripping involves downloading original material from a protected media source, which is the definition of ripping.

Question 3

According to the textbook,we need to step outside criminology to better understand cyberbullying and motives of online offenders.Why do we need to step outside of criminology?

Accepted Answer

Cyberbullying and online offending are complex phenomena that require a multidisciplinary approach to fully understand. Drawing from terminologies used in digital media and communications can allow us to better understand the social and cultural context in which cyberbullying occurs.

Question 4

As of 2015,all police services in Canada had established clear approaches to cybercrime.

Accepted Answer

While many police services in Canada have made efforts to address cybercrime, not all had established clear approaches as of 2015.

Question 5

What is the name of the activity that involves a group of Internet users all sending harassing messages to a single person?

Accepted Answer

This is known as cybermobbing, where a group of people use the anonymity of the Internet to harass and attack a single person.

Question 6

Cyberactivities are those that involve a number of activities involving the Internet.

Accepted Answer

Cyberactivities refer to any activities that take place on the Internet, including but not limited to online shopping, social media interactions, online banking, and cybercrime.

Question 7

What is thought to be the best legal response to cybercrimes?

Accepted Answer

Using existing laws to address cybercrimes is the most effective legal response as it allows for the criminal behaviors to be prosecuted without the need for creating additional agencies or resources. This also ensures that cybercrimes are treated in the same way as traditional crimes, which helps send a message that crimes committed online are not immune to consequences.

Question 8

Who was pleased when the Bill to increase police powers to conduct online surveillance was scrapped?

Accepted Answer

The federal Privacy Commissioner was pleased when the Bill to increase police powers to conduct online surveillance was scrapped, as it represented a potential threat to Canadians’ privacy rights.

Question 9

Which of the following best represents a goal of applying routine activity theory to cybercrimes?

Accepted Answer

Routine activity theory in the context of cybercrimes focuses on understanding the mechanisms of guardianship that protect potential victims online. It emphasizes the importance of effective guardianship in preventing crimes by making targets less accessible or attractive to potential offenders.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true with regard to cyberbullying?

Accepted Answer

Cyberbullying is considered a form of deviant behavior but may not necessarily be considered a criminal offense. Penalties for cyberbullying may vary depending on the severity of the behavior and the jurisdiction where it takes place, but it typically does not carry a penalty of up to one year in jail or result in an indictable offense.

Question 11

Within the context of exhibitionism,exposing one's body in an explicit or suggestive fashion in the physical (offline)world is similar to what in the digital (online)world?

Accepted Answer

Exposing one's body in an explicit or suggestive fashion in the physical (offline) world is similar to sexting in the digital (online) world. Both involve displaying sexual content to others. Cyberstalking, Internet trolling, and cyberbullying do not necessarily involve sexual content.

Question 12

Hayward (2012)has noted that the Internet has broken down traditional barriers between life stages bringing about online collisions between groups of people with different value systems.Which of the following scenarios best reflects this statement?

Accepted Answer

This scenario reflects the collision of different life stages, as the pedophile is attempting to pose as a child to interact with and potentially harm young children, while also having a different value system than those he is interacting with.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true in the context of how best to ensure the Internet is a safe place for Canadian users that is not used for criminal purposes?

Accepted Answer

The article mentions that Canadians have conflicting opinions on the role of the police and lawmakers in regulating online behaviour, indicating that there is still debate about how best to ensure internet safety without infringing on privacy rights. The other options (A, C, and D) are not supported by the article.

Question 14

Phishing is when a fraudster sends an email supposedly from a bank requesting information on the target's bank account,including the password,with the intention of stealing money from that account.

Accepted Answer

Phishing is a type of online scam where fraudsters send out emails or text messages, typically to trick people into revealing their bank account login details and other sensitive information. The ultimate goal of phishing is to steal money from the victim's account or to use the stolen information to commit identity theft.

Question 15

To better understand online victimization,the textbook argues that research on cyberbullying and cybervictimology must include an assessment of risk.Which of the following best represents the focus of such a risk assessment?

Accepted Answer

The focus of the risk assessment should be on the individuals who are most vulnerable to online victimization, which are those who are frequent users of the internet and engage in real-time communication. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it suggests a continuum of risk tolerance for victims based on their frequency of use and communication patterns. The other options do not specifically address the vulnerability of individuals to online victimization.

Question 16

In what way are online predators like a bully who waits beside the path that a target usually takes to get home?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what way are online predators like...

Question 17

Online "creeping" of a target's social media and sending anonymous messages or setting up fake accounts to track the target is similar to behaviours that are part of which paraphilia in the physical (offline)world?

Accepted Answer

Erotomania is a type of paraphilia where an individual falsely believes that another person is in love with them, often resulting in stalking and harassment. Similarly, online "creeping" and sending anonymous messages to a target through fake accounts can be considered as a form of stalking behavior which is characteristic of erotomania. The other options including sexting, exhibitionism, and scatologia do not fit the described behavior.

Question 18

What question is noted in the text as important in considering approaches to minimizing online victimization?

Accepted Answer

The text notes that the question of "Who should be the guardians?" is important to consider when it comes to minimizing online victimization. This suggests that having responsible guardians in place, such as parents, educators or law enforcement, can play a key role in reducing the risks of online victimization. The other answer choices do not align with the main focus of the text.

Question 19

What is the relationship between cyberdeviance and paraphilias?

Accepted Answer

Cyberdeviance often involves one or more traditional offline paraphilias. Cyberdeviance refers to deviant or criminal behavior that is carried out using electronic means, such as the internet or social media. Many cyberdeviant behaviors are rooted in traditional offline paraphilias, such as exhibitionism, voyeurism, or child pornography. In fact, some individuals may use the internet to facilitate their paraphilic urges or to connect with others who share their deviant interests. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between cyberdeviance and paraphilias.

Question 20

Cyberbullying Reporter applied critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to aggressive or antisocial online exchanges.What was the purpose of this exercise?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of applying critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to aggressive or antisocial online exchanges was to identify a common bullying and harassment vocabulary.

Quiz 18: Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance