Question 1

Describe the function and general natures of promoters in eukaryotes.Include the three different parts of the promoter and their positions from the 5' end of a eukaryotic gene.

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Question 2

Describe three characteristics of enhancers and silencers.

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Question 3

What is meant by the term helix- turn- helix HTH ?

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Question 4

Describe the difference between a focused promoter and a dispersed promoter.

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Question 5

List at least three levels or types of genetic regulation in eukaryotes.

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Question 6

What are zinc finger motifs,and why are they frequently encountered in descriptions of genetic regulation in eukaryotes?

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Question 7

Mutations in the promoter region of the fi- globin gene indicate that some areas are more sensitive than others.When mutations occur in consensus sequences modular elements such as GC box,CAAT box,and TATA box),does transcription usually increase or decrease? Explain.

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Question 8

Transcription factors are important molecules that regulate gene activity in eukaryotes.What are the two general classes of transcription factors that exist in eukaryotes? Describe where they bind and what their effects are.

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Question 9

On a specific chromosome,an enhancer helps activate the expression of Gene A,but not Gene B,which is equally close to the enhancer.A mutant is identified where this enhancer is now activating the expression of both Gene A and Gene B.Explain what has likely been mutated.

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Question 10

Enhancers are said to be cis- acting.What is meant by cis- acting,and what are enhancers?

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Question 11

Explain why a transcription factor must have at least two functional domains.

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Question 12

Describe the ENCODE project and list five of their findings.

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Question 13

In what way 5'- azacytidine can influence transcription?

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Question 14

Some diseases are linked to the under or over expression of specific genes.A particular cancer is characterized by the overexpression of a gene.Do you predict the histones associated with this gene to be acetylated? Describe why this would lead to increased gene expression and how histone acetyl transfer HAT)and histone deacetylase HDAC)could be involved.

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Question 15

Approximately 5% of the cytosine residues are methylated in the genome of any given eukaryote.In what way is DNA methylation related to genetic regulation?

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Question 16

Describe how the presence or absence of nucleosomes influences gene transcription.

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Question 17

The human metallothionein IIA gene hMTIIA)is transcriptionally regulated through the interplay of regulatory elements and transcription factors.What is the function of this gene,and how is it regulated by environmental circumstances?

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Question 18

Explain five ways that eukaryotic gene regulation is more complex than bacterial gene regulation?

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Question 19

In what way 5'- azacytidine is used experimentally)in the treatment of sickle- cell anemia?

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Quiz 17: Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes